Research Reports of the Max Planck Institute for Informatics

%0 Report %A Fiebig, Tobias %+ Internet Architecture, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Report on the Security State of Networks of Max-Planck Institutes : Findings and Recommendations : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-C4C9-3 %R 10.17617/2.3532055 %Y Max Planck Society %C München %D 2023 %P 70 p.

%0 Report %A Qian, Neng %A Wang, Jiayi %A Mueller, Franziska %A Bernard, Florian %A Golyanik, Vladislav %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Parametric Hand Texture Model for 3D Hand Reconstruction and Personalization : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-9128-9 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2020 %P 37 p. %X 3D hand reconstruction from image data is a widely-studied problem in com-<br>puter vision and graphics, and has a particularly high relevance for virtual<br>and augmented reality. Although several 3D hand reconstruction approaches<br>leverage hand models as a strong prior to resolve ambiguities and achieve a<br>more robust reconstruction, most existing models account only for the hand<br>shape and poses and do not model the texture. To &#64257;ll this gap, in this work<br>we present the &#64257;rst parametric texture model of human hands. Our model<br>spans several dimensions of hand appearance variability (e.g., related to gen-<br>der, ethnicity, or age) and only requires a commodity camera for data acqui-<br>sition. Experimentally, we demonstrate that our appearance model can be<br>used to tackle a range of challenging problems such as 3D hand reconstruc-<br>tion from a single monocular image. Furthermore, our appearance model<br>can be used to de&#64257;ne a neural rendering layer that enables training with a<br>self-supervised photometric loss. We make our model publicly available. %K hand texture model, appearance modeling, hand tracking, 3D hand recon- struction %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Fox, Gereon %A Meka, Abhimitra %A Zollh&#246;fer, Michael %A Richardt, Christian %A Theobalt, Christian %+ External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Live User-guided Intrinsic Video For Static Scenes : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-5DA7-3 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2017 %P 12 p. %X We present a novel real-time approach for user-guided intrinsic decomposition of static scenes captured by an RGB-D sensor. In the first step, we acquire a three-dimensional representation of the scene using a dense volumetric reconstruction framework. The obtained reconstruction serves as a proxy to densely fuse reflectance estimates and to store user-provided constraints in three-dimensional space. User constraints, in the form of constant shading and reflectance strokes, can be placed directly on the real-world geometry using an intuitive touch-based interaction metaphor, or using interactive mouse strokes. Fusing the decomposition results and constraints in three-dimensional space allows for robust propagation of this information to novel views by re-projection.We leverage this information to improve on the decomposition quality of existing intrinsic video decomposition techniques by further constraining the ill-posed decomposition problem. In addition to improved decomposition quality, we show a variety of live augmented reality applications such as recoloring of objects, relighting of scenes and editing of material appearance. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Gupta, Dhruv %A Berberich, Klaus %A Str&#246;tgen, Jannik %A Zeinalipour-Yazti, Demetrios %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Generating Semantic Aspects for Queries : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002E-07DD-0 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2017 %P 39 p. %X Ambiguous information needs expressed in a limited number of keywords<br>often result in long-winded query sessions and many query reformulations.<br>In this work, we tackle ambiguous queries by providing automatically gen-<br>erated semantic aspects that can guide users to satisfying results regarding<br>their information needs. To generate semantic aspects, we use semantic an-<br>notations available in the documents and leverage models representing the<br>semantic relationships between annotations of the same type. The aspects in<br>turn provide us a foundation for representing text in a completely structured<br>manner, thereby allowing for a semantically-motivated organization of search<br>results. We evaluate our approach on a testbed of over 5,000 aspects on Web<br>scale document collections amounting to more than 450 million documents,<br>with temporal, geographic, and named entity annotations as example dimen-<br>sions. Our experimental results show that our general approach is Web-scale<br>ready and finds relevant aspects for highly ambiguous queries. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Sridhar, Srinath %A Markussen, Anders %A Oulasvirta, Antti %A Theobalt, Christian %A Boring, Sebastian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T WatchSense: On- and Above-Skin Input Sensing through a Wearable Depth Sensor : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-402E-D %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2017 %P 17 p. %X This paper contributes a novel sensing approach to support on- and above-skin finger input for interaction on the move. WatchSense uses a depth sensor embedded in a wearable device to expand the input space to neighboring areas of skin and the space above it. Our approach addresses challenging camera-based tracking conditions, such as oblique viewing angles and occlusions. It can accurately detect fingertips, their locations, and whether they are touching the skin or hovering above it. It extends previous work that supported either mid-air or multitouch input by simultaneously supporting both. We demonstrate feasibility with a compact, wearable prototype attached to a user's forearm (simulating an integrated depth sensor). Our prototype---which runs in real-time on consumer mobile devices---enables a 3D input space on the back of the hand. We evaluated the accuracy and robustness of the approach in a user study. We also show how WatchSense increases the expressiveness of input by interweaving mid-air and multitouch for several interactive applications. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Althaus, Ernst %A Beber, Bj&#246;rn %A Damm, Werner %A Disch, Stefan %A Hagemann, Willem %A Rakow, Astrid %A Scholl, Christoph %A Waldmann, Uwe %A Wirtz, Boris %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society International Max Planck Research School, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Verification of Linear Hybrid Systems with Large Discrete State Spaces: Exploring the Design Space for Optimization : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4540-0 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2016 %P 93 p. %X This paper provides a suite of optimization techniques for the verification of safety properties of linear hybrid automata with large discrete state spaces, such as naturally arising when incorporating health state monitoring and degradation levels into the controller design. Such models can -- in contrast to purely functional controller models -- not analyzed with hybrid verification engines relying on explicit representations of modes, but require fully symbolic representations for both the continuous and discrete part of the state space. The optimization techniques shown yield consistently a speedup of about 20 against previously published results for a similar benchmark suite, and complement these with new results on counterexample guided abstraction refinement. In combination with the methods guaranteeing preciseness of abstractions, this allows to significantly extend the class of models for which safety can be established, covering in particular models with 23 continuous variables and 2 to the 71 discrete states, 20 continuous variables and 2 to the 199 discrete states, and 9 continuous variables and 2 to the 271 discrete states. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 103 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/fileadmin/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_103.pdf

%0 Report %A Gupta, Dhruv %A Berberich, Klaus %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Diversifying Search Results Using Time : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002A-0AA4-C %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2016 %P 51 p. %X Getting an overview of a historic entity or event can be difficult in search results, especially if important dates concerning the entity or event are not known beforehand. For such information needs, users would benefit if returned results covered diverse dates, thus giving an overview of what has happened throughout history. Diversifying search results based on important dates can be a building block for applications, for instance, in digital humanities. Historians would thus be able to quickly explore longitudinal document collections by querying for entities or events without knowing associated important dates apriori. In this work, we describe an approach to diversify search results using temporal expressions (e.g., in the 1990s) from their contents. Our approach first identifies time intervals of interest to the given keyword query based on pseudo-relevant documents. It then re-ranks query results so as to maximize the coverage of identified time intervals. We present a novel and objective evaluation for our proposed approach. We test the effectiveness of our methods on the New York Times Annotated corpus and the Living Knowledge corpus, collectively consisting of around 6 million documents. Using history-oriented queries and encyclopedic resources we show that our method indeed is able to present search results diversified along time. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Mishra, Arunav %A Berberich, Klaus %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Leveraging Semantic Annotations to Link Wikipedia and News Archives : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0029-5FF0-A %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2016 %P 21 p. %X The incomprehensible amount of information available online has made it difficult to retrospect on past events. We propose a novel linking problem to connect excerpts from Wikipedia summarizing events to online news articles elaborating on them. To address the linking problem, we cast it into an information retrieval task by treating a given excerpt as a user query with the goal to retrieve a ranked list of relevant news articles. We find that Wikipedia excerpts often come with additional semantics, in their textual descriptions, representing the time, geolocations, and named entities involved in the event. Our retrieval model leverages text and semantic annotations as different dimensions of an event by estimating independent query models to rank documents. In our experiments on two datasets, we compare methods that consider different combinations of dimensions and find that the approach that leverages all dimensions suits our problem best. %B Research Reports %@ false

%0 Report %A Sridhar, Srinath %A Mueller, Franziska %A Zollh&#246;fer, Michael %A Casas, Dan %A Oulasvirta, Antti %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Real-time Joint Tracking of a Hand Manipulating an Object from RGB-D Input : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-5510-A %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2016 %P 31 p. %X Real-time simultaneous tracking of hands manipulating and interacting with external objects has many potential applications in augmented reality, tangible computing, and wearable computing. However, due to dicult occlusions, fast motions, and uniform hand appearance, jointly tracking hand and object pose is more challenging than tracking either of the two separately. Many previous approaches resort to complex multi-camera setups to remedy the occlusion problem and often employ expensive segmentation and optimization steps which makes real-time tracking impossible. In this paper, we propose a real-time solution that uses a single commodity RGB-D camera. The core of our approach is a 3D articulated Gaussian mixture alignment strategy tailored to hand-object tracking that allows fast pose optimization. The alignment energy uses novel regularizers to address occlusions and hand-object contacts. For added robustness, we guide the optimization with discriminative part classication of the hand and segmentation of the object. We conducted extensive experiments on several existing datasets and introduce a new annotated hand-object dataset. Quantitative and qualitative results show the key advantages of our method: speed, accuracy, and robustness. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Sridhar, Srinath %A Bailly, Gilles %A Heydrich, Elias %A Oulasvirta, Antti %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T FullHand: Markerless Skeleton-based Tracking for Free-Hand Interaction : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-7456-7 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2016 %P 11 p. %X This paper advances a novel markerless hand tracking method for interactive applications. FullHand uses input from RGB and depth cameras in a desktop setting. It combines, in a voting scheme, a discriminative, part-based pose retrieval with a generative pose estimation method based on local optimization. We develop this approach to enable: (1) capturing hand articulations with high number of degrees of freedom, including the motion of all fingers, (2) sufficient precision, shown in a dataset of user-generated gestures, and (3) a high framerate of 50 fps for one hand. We discuss the design of free-hand interactions with the tracker and present several demonstrations ranging from simple (few DOFs) to complex (finger individuation plus global hand motion), including mouse operation, a first-person shooter and virtual globe navigation. A user study on the latter shows that free-hand interactions implemented for the tracker can equal mouse-based interactions in user performance. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Barz, Michael %A Bulling, Andreas %A Daiber, Florian %+ External Organizations Computer Vision and Multimodal Computing, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Computational Modelling and Prediction of Gaze Estimation Error for Head-mounted Eye Trackers : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B972-8 %U https://perceptual.mpi-inf.mpg.de/files/2015/01/gazequality.pdf %Y DFKI %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2015 %8 01.01.2015 %P 10 p. %X Head-mounted eye tracking has significant potential for mobile gaze-based interaction with ambient displays but current interfaces lack information about the tracker\'s gaze estimation error. Consequently, current interfaces do not exploit the full potential of gaze input as the inherent estimation error can not be dealt with. The error depends on the physical properties of the display and constantly varies with changes in position and distance of the user to the display. In this work we present a computational model of gaze estimation error for head-mounted eye trackers. Our model covers the full processing pipeline for mobile gaze estimation, namely mapping of pupil positions to scene camera coordinates, marker-based display detection, and display mapping. We build the model based on a series of controlled measurements of a sample state-of-the-art monocular head-mounted eye tracker. Results show that our model can predict gaze estimation error with a root mean squared error of 17.99~px ($1.96^\\circ$). %B DFKI Research Report %U http://www.dfki.de/web/forschung/publikationen/renameFileForDownload?filename=gazequality.pdf&file_id=uploads_2388

%0 Report %A Damm, Werner %A Horbach, Matthias %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Decidability of Verification of Safety Properties of Spatial Families of Linear Hybrid Automata : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002A-0805-6 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2015 %P 52 p. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 111 %@ false

%0 Report %A Lander, Christian %A Gehring, Sven %A Kr&#252;ger, Antonio %A Boring, Sebastian %A Bulling, Andreas %+ External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations Computer Vision and Multimodal Computing, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T GazeProjector: Location-independent Gaze Interaction on and Across Multiple Displays : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B947-A %U http://www.dfki.de/web/research/publications?pubid=7618 %Y DFKI %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2015 %8 01.01.2015 %P 10 p. %X Mobile gaze-based interaction with multiple displays may occur from arbitrary positions and orientations. However, maintaining high gaze estimation accuracy still represents a significant challenge. To address this, we present GazeProjector, a system that combines accurate point-of-gaze estimation with natural feature tracking on displays to determine the mobile eye tracker&#8217;s position relative to a display. The detected eye positions are transformed onto that display allowing for gaze-based interaction. This allows for seamless gaze estimation and interaction on (1) multiple displays of arbitrary sizes, (2) independently of the user&#8217;s position and orientation to the display. In a user study with 12 participants we compared GazeProjector to existing well- established methods such as visual on-screen markers and a state-of-the-art motion capture system. Our results show that our approach is robust to varying head poses, orientations, and distances to the display, while still providing high gaze estimation accuracy across multiple displays without re-calibration. The system represents an important step towards the vision of pervasive gaze-based interfaces. %B DFKI Research Report

%0 Report %A Schmidt, Renate A. %A Waldmann, Uwe %+ External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Modal Tableau Systems with Blocking and Congruence Closure : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002A-08BC-A %Y University of Manchester %C Manchester %D 2015 %P 22 p. %B eScholar %U https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:268816https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/32297317/FULL_TEXT.PDF

%0 Report %A Anand, Avishek %A Mele, Ida %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Berberich, Klaus %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Phrase Query Optimization on Inverted Indexes : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-022A-3 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2014 %P 20 p. %X Phrase queries are a key functionality of modern search engines. Beyond that, they increasingly serve as an important building block for applications such as entity-oriented search, text analytics, and plagiarism detection. Processing phrase queries is costly, though, since positional information has to be kept in the index and all words, including stopwords, need to be considered. We consider an augmented inverted index that indexes selected variable-length multi-word sequences in addition to single words. We study how arbitrary phrase queries can be processed efficiently on such an augmented inverted index. We show that the underlying optimization problem is NP-hard in the general case and describe an exact exponential algorithm and an approximation algorithm to its solution. Experiments on ClueWeb09 and The New York Times with different real-world query workloads examine the practical performance of our methods. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Dylla, Maximilian %A Theobald, Martin %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Learning Tuple Probabilities in Probabilistic Databases : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-8492-6 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2014 %P 51 p. %X Learning the parameters of complex probabilistic-relational models from labeled training data is a standard technique in machine learning, which has been intensively studied in the subfield of Statistical Relational Learning (SRL), but---so far---this is still an under-investigated topic in the context of Probabilistic Databases (PDBs). In this paper, we focus on learning the probability values of base tuples in a PDB from query answers, the latter of which are represented as labeled lineage formulas. Specifically, we consider labels in the form of pairs, each consisting of a Boolean lineage formula and a marginal probability that comes attached to the corresponding query answer. The resulting learning problem can be viewed as the inverse problem to confidence computations in PDBs: given a set of labeled query answers, learn the probability values of the base tuples, such that the marginal probabilities of the query answers again yield in the assigned probability labels. We analyze the learning problem from a theoretical perspective, devise two optimization-based objectives, and provide an efficient algorithm (based on Stochastic Gradient Descent) for solving these objectives. Finally, we conclude this work by an experimental evaluation on three real-world and one synthetic dataset, while competing with various techniques from SRL, reasoning in information extraction, and optimization. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Horbach, Matthias %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Obtaining Finite Local Theory Axiomatizations via Saturation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-C90C-F %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2014 %P 26 p. %X In this paper we study theory combinations over non-disjoint signatures in which hierarchical and modular reasoning is possible. We use a notion of locality of a theory extension parameterized by a closure operator on ground terms. We give criteria for recognizing these types of theory extensions. We then show that combinations of extensions of theories which are local in this extended sense have also a locality property and hence allow modular and hierarchical reasoning. We thus obtain parameterized decidability and complexity results for many (combinations of) theories important in verification. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 93 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_093.pdf

%0 Report %A Kim, Kwang In %A Tompkin, James %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Local High-order Regularization on Data Manifolds : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B210-7 %Y Max-Planck Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2014 %P 12 p. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Sridhar, Srinath %A Oulasvirta, Antti %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Fast Tracking of Hand and Finger Articulations Using a Single Depth Camera : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B5B8-8 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2014 %P 14 p. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Baumgartner, Peter %A Waldmann, Uwe %+ External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Hierarchic Superposition with Weak Abstraction : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03A8-0 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2013 %P 45 p. %X Many applications of automated deduction require reasoning in first-order logic modulo background theories, in particular some form of integer arithmetic. A major unsolved research challenge is to design theorem provers that are "reasonably complete" even in the presence of free function symbols ranging into a background theory sort. The hierarchic superposition calculus of Bachmair, Ganzinger, and Waldmann already supports such symbols, but, as we demonstrate, not optimally. This paper aims to rectify the situation by introducing a novel form of clause abstraction, a core component in the hierarchic superposition calculus for transforming clauses into a form needed for internal operation. We argue for the benefits of the resulting calculus and provide a new completeness result for the fragment where all background-sorted terms are ground. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Huang, Chien-Chung %A Ott, Sebastian %+ External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T New Results for Non-preemptive Speed Scaling : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03BF-D %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2013 %P 32 p. %X We consider the speed scaling problem introduced in the seminal paper of Yao et al.. In this problem, a number of jobs, each with its own processing volume, release time, and deadline needs to be executed on a speed-scalable processor. The power consumption of this processor is $P(s) = s^\alpha$, where $s$ is the processing speed, and $\alpha > 1$ is a constant. The total energy consumption is power integrated over time, and the goal is to process all jobs while minimizing the energy consumption. The preemptive version of the problem, along with its many variants, has been extensively studied over the years. However, little is known about the non-preemptive version of the problem, except that it is strongly NP-hard and allows a constant factor approximation. Up until now, the (general) complexity of this problem is unknown. In the present paper, we study an important special case of the problem, where the job intervals form a laminar family, and present a quasipolynomial-time approximation scheme for it, thereby showing that (at least) this special case is not APX-hard, unless $NP \subseteq DTIME(2^{poly(\log n)})$. The second contribution of this work is a polynomial-time algorithm for the special case of equal-volume jobs, where previously only a $2^\alpha$ approximation was known. In addition, we show that two other special cases of this problem allow fully polynomial-time approximation schemes (FPTASs). %B Research Reports %@ false

%0 Report %A Makari, Faraz %A Awerbuch, Baruch %A Gemulla, Rainer %A Khandekar, Rohit %A Mestre, Julian %A Sozio, Mauro %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Distributed Algorithm for Large-scale Generalized Matching : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03B4-3 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2013 %P 39 p. %X Generalized matching problems arise in a number of applications, including computational advertising, recommender systems, and trade markets. Consider, for example, the problem of recommending multimedia items (e.g., DVDs) to users such that (1) users are recommended items that they are likely to be interested in, (2) every user gets neither too few nor too many recommendations, and (3) only items available in stock are recommended to users. State-of-the-art matching algorithms fail at coping with large real-world instances, which may involve millions of users and items. We propose the first distributed algorithm for computing near-optimal solutions to large-scale generalized matching problems like the one above. Our algorithm is designed to run on a small cluster of commodity nodes (or in a MapReduce environment), has strong approximation guarantees, and requires only a poly-logarithmic number of passes over the input. In particular, we propose a novel distributed algorithm to approximately solve mixed packing-covering linear programs, which include but are not limited to generalized matching problems. Experiments on real-world and synthetic data suggest that our algorithm scales to very large problem sizes and can be orders of magnitude faster than alternative approaches. %B Research Reports %@ false

%0 Report %A Alvanaki, Foteini %A Michel, Sebastian %A Stupar, Aleksandar %+ Cluster of Excellence Multimodal Computing and Interaction Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Cluster of Excellence Multimodal Computing and Interaction %T Building and Maintaining Halls of Fame Over a Database : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03E9-D %Y Max-Plankc-Institute f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2012 %X Halls of Fame are fascinating constructs. They represent the elite of an often very large amount of entities|persons, companies, products, countries etc. Beyond their practical use as static rankings, changes to them are particularly interesting|for decision making processes, as input to common media or novel narrative science applications, or simply consumed by users. In this work, we aim at detecting events that can be characterized by changes to a Hall of Fame ranking in an automated way. We describe how the schema and data of a database can be used to generate Halls of Fame. In this database scenario, by Hall of Fame we refer to distinguished tuples; entities, whose characteristics set them apart from the majority. We dene every Hall of Fame as one specic instance of an SQL query, such that a change in its result is considered a noteworthy event. Identied changes (i.e., events) are ranked using lexicographic tradeos over event and query properties and presented to users or fed in higher-level applications. We have implemented a full-edged prototype system that uses either database triggers or a Java based middleware for event identication. We report on an experimental evaluation using a real-world dataset of basketball statistics. %B Research Reports %@ false

%0 Report %A Berberich, Klaus %A Bedathur, Srikanta %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Computing n-Gram Statistics in MapReduce : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-0416-A %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saa %D 2012 %P 39 p. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Dylla, Maximilian %A Miliaraki, Iris %A Theobald, Martin %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Top-k Query Processing in Probabilistic Databases with Non-materialized Views : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-B02F-2 %F OTHER: Local-ID: 62EC1C9C96B8EFF4C1257B560029F18C-DyllaTopk2012 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2012 %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Fietzke, Arnaud %A Kruglov, Evgeny %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Automatic Generation of Invariants for Circular Derivations in SUP(LA) 1 : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03CF-9 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2012 %P 26 p. %X The hierarchic combination of linear arithmetic and firstorder logic with free function symbols, FOL(LA), results in a strictly more expressive logic than its two parts. The SUP(LA) calculus can be turned into a decision procedure for interesting fragments of FOL(LA). For example, reachability problems for timed automata can be decided by SUP(LA) using an appropriate translation into FOL(LA). In this paper, we extend the SUP(LA) calculus with an additional inference rule, automatically generating inductive invariants from partial SUP(LA) derivations. The rule enables decidability of more expressive fragments, including reachability for timed automata with unbounded integer variables. We have implemented the rule in the SPASS(LA) theorem prover with promising results, showing that it can considerably speed up proof search and enable termination of saturation for practically relevant problems. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Kerber, Jens %A Wand, Michael %A Bokeloh, Martin %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Symmetry Detection in Large Scale City Scans : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-0427-4 %D 2012 %P 32 p. %X In this report we present a novel method for detecting partial symmetries in very large point clouds of 3D city scans. Unlike previous work, which was limited to data sets of a few hundred megabytes maximum, our method scales to very large scenes. We map the detection problem to a nearestneighbor search in a low-dimensional feature space, followed by a cascade of tests for geometric clustering of potential matches. Our algorithm robustly handles noisy real-world scanner data, obtaining a recognition performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods. In practice, it scales linearly with the scene size and achieves a high absolute throughput, processing half a terabyte of raw scanner data over night on a dual socket commodity PC. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Miettinen, Pauli %A Vreeken, Jilles %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T MDL4BMF: Minimum Description Length for Boolean Matrix Factorization : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-0422-E %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2012 %P 48 p. %X Matrix factorizations&#8212;where a given data matrix is approximated by a prod- uct of two or more factor matrices&#8212;are powerful data mining tools. Among other tasks, matrix factorizations are often used to separate global structure from noise. This, however, requires solving the &#8216;model order selection problem&#8217; of determining where fine-grained structure stops, and noise starts, i.e., what is the proper size of the factor matrices. Boolean matrix factorization (BMF)&#8212;where data, factors, and matrix product are Boolean&#8212;has received increased attention from the data mining community in recent years. The technique has desirable properties, such as high interpretability and natural sparsity. However, so far no method for selecting the correct model order for BMF has been available. In this paper we propose to use the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle for this task. Besides solving the problem, this well-founded approach has numerous benefits, e.g., it is automatic, does not require a likelihood function, is fast, and, as experiments show, is highly accurate. We formulate the description length function for BMF in general&#8212;making it applicable for any BMF algorithm. We discuss how to construct an appropriate encoding, starting from a simple and intuitive approach, we arrive at a highly efficient data-to-model based encoding for BMF. We extend an existing algorithm for BMF to use MDL to identify the best Boolean matrix factorization, analyze the complexity of the problem, and perform an extensive experimental evaluation to study its behavior. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Suda, Martin %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Labelled Superposition for PLTL : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-03DC-B %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2012 %P 42 p. %X This paper introduces a new decision procedure for PLTL based on labelled superposition. Its main idea is to treat temporal formulas as infinite sets of purely propositional clauses over an extended signature. These infinite sets are then represented by finite sets of labelled propositional clauses. The new representation enables the replacement of the complex temporal resolution rule, suggested by existing resolution calculi for PLTL, by a fine grained repetition check of finitely saturated labelled clause sets followed by a simple inference. The completeness argument is based on the standard model building idea from superposition. It inherently justifies ordering restrictions, redundancy elimination and effective partial model building. The latter can be directly used to effectively generate counterexamples of non-valid PLTL conjectures out of saturated labelled clause sets in a straightforward way. %B Research Reports %@ false

%0 Report %A Anand, Avishek %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Berberich, Klaus %A Schenkel, Ralf %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Temporal Index Sharding for Space-time Efficiency in Archive Search : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0025-7311-D %Y Universit&#228;t des Saarlandes %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %X Time-travel queries that couple temporal constraints with keyword queries are useful in searching large-scale archives of time-evolving content such as the Web, document collections, wikis, and so on. Typical approaches for efficient evaluation of these queries involve \emph{slicing} along the time-axis either the entire collection~\cite{253349}, or individual index lists~\cite{kberberi:sigir2007}. Both these methods are not satisfactory since they sacrifice compactness of index for processing efficiency making them either too big or, otherwise, too slow. We present a novel index organization scheme that \emph{shards} the index with \emph{zero increase in index size}, still minimizing the cost of reading index index entries during query processing. Based on the optimal sharding thus obtained, we develop practically efficient sharding that takes into account the different costs of random and sequential accesses. Our algorithm merges shards from the optimal solution carefully to allow for few extra sequential accesses while gaining significantly by reducing the random accesses. Finally, we empirically establish the effectiveness of our novel sharding scheme via detailed experiments over the edit history of the English version of Wikipedia between 2001-2005 ($\approx$ 700 GB) and an archive of the UK governmental web sites ($\approx$ 400 GB). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of faster time-travel query processing with no space overhead. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Berner, Alexander %A Burghard, Oliver %A Wand, Michael %A Mitra, Niloy %A Klein, Reinhard %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Morphable Part Model for Shape Manipulation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6972-0 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %P 33 p. %X We introduce morphable part models for smart shape manipulation using an assembly of deformable parts with appropriate boundary conditions. In an analysis phase, we characterize the continuous allowable variations both for the individual parts and their interconnections using Gaussian shape models with low rank covariance. The discrete aspect of how parts can be assembled is captured using a shape grammar. The parts and their interconnection rules are learned semi-automatically from symmetries within a single object or from semantically corresponding parts across a larger set of example models. The learned discrete and continuous structure is encoded as a graph. In the interaction phase, we obtain an interactive yet intuitive shape deformation framework producing realistic deformations on classes of objects that are difficult to edit using existing structure-aware deformation techniques. Unlike previous techniques, our method uses self-similarities from a single model as training input and allows the user to reassemble the identified parts in new configurations, thus exploiting both the discrete and continuous learned variations while ensuring appropriate boundary conditions across part boundaries. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Damm, Werner %A Ihlemann, Carsten %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T PTIME Parametric Verification of Safety Properties for Reasonable Linear Hybrid Automata : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-14F5-F %F EDOC: 619013 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-DEB90D4E9EAE27B7C1257855003AF8EE-Damm-Ihlemann-Sofronie-Stokkermans2011-report %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2011 %P 31 p. %X This paper identifies an industrially relevant class of linear hybrid automata (LHA) called reasonable LHA for which parametric verification of convex safety properties with exhaustive entry states can be verified in polynomial time and time-bounded reachability can be decided in nondeterministic polynomial time for non-parametric verification and in exponential time for parametric verification. Properties with exhaustive entry states are restricted to runs originating in a (specified) inner envelope of some mode-invariant. Deciding whether an LHA is reasonable is shown to be decidable in polynomial time. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 70 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/fileadmin/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_070.pdf

%0 Report %A Damm, Werner %A Disch, Stefan %A Hagemann, Willem %A Scholl, Christoph %A Waldmann, Uwe %A Wirtz, Boris %E Becker, Bernd %E Damm, Werner %E Finkbeiner, Bernd %E Fr&#228;nzle, Martin %E Olderog, Ernst-R&#252;diger %E Podelski, Andreas %+ External Organizations External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations %T Integrating Incremental Flow Pipes into a Symbolic Model Checker for Hybrid Systems : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-001A-150E-7 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %X We describe an approach to integrate incremental ow pipe computation into a fully symbolic backward model checker for hybrid systems. Our method combines the advantages of symbolic state set representation, such as the ability to deal with large numbers of boolean variables, with an effcient way to handle continuous ows dened by linear differential equations, possibly including bounded disturbances. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 76 %@ false

%0 Report %A Gemulla, Rainer %A Haas, Peter J. %A Nijkamp, Erik %A Sismanis, Yannis %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations External Organizations %T Large-scale Matrix Factorization with Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-147F-E %F EDOC: 618949 %U http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/people/peterh/dsgdTechRep.pdf %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-5B618B1FF070E981C125784D0044B0D1-gemulla11 %Y IBM Research Division %C San Jose, CA %D 2011 %X As Web 2.0 and enterprise-cloud applications have proliferated, data mining algorithms increasingly need to be (re)designed to handle web-scale datasets. For this reason, low-rank matrix factorization has received a lot of attention in recent years, since it is fundamental to a variety of mining tasks, such as topic detection and collaborative filtering, that are increasingly being applied to massive datasets. We provide a novel algorithm to approximately factor large matrices with millions of rows, millions of columns, and billions of nonzero elements. Our approach rests on stochastic gradient descent (SGD), an iterative stochastic optimization algorithm; the idea is to exploit the special structure of the matrix factorization problem to develop a new ``stratified'' SGD variant that can be fully distributed and run on web-scale datasets using, e.g., MapReduce. The resulting distributed SGD factorization algorithm, called DSGD, provides good speed-up and handles a wide variety of matrix factorizations. We establish convergence properties of DSGD using results from stochastic approximation theory and regenerative process theory, and also describe the practical techniques used to optimize performance in our DSGD implementation. Experiments suggest that DSGD converges significantly faster and has better scalability properties than alternative algorithms. %B IBM Research Report %N RJ10481

%0 Report %A Granados, Miguel %A Tompkin, James %A Kim, Kwang %A Grau, O. %A Kautz, Jan %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T How Not to Be Seen -- Inpainting Dynamic Objects in Crowded Scenes : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-13C5-3 %F EDOC: 618872 %Y MPI f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %P 35 p. %X Removing dynamic objects from videos is an extremely challenging problem that even visual effects professionals often solve with time-consuming manual frame-by-frame editing. We propose a new approach to video completion that can deal with complex scenes containing dynamic background and non-periodical moving objects. We build upon the idea that the spatio-temporal hole left by a removed object can be filled with data available on other regions of the video where the occluded objects were visible. Video completion is performed by solving a large combinatorial problem that searches for an optimal pattern of pixel offsets from occluded to unoccluded regions. Our contribution includes an energy functional that generalizes well over different scenes with stable parameters, and that has the desirable convergence properties for a graph-cut-based optimization. We provide an interface to guide the completion process that both reduces computation time and allows for efficient correction of small errors in the result. We demonstrate that our approach can effectively complete complex, high-resolution occlusions that are greater in difficulty than what existing methods have shown. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Kim, Kwang In %A Kwon, Younghee %A Kim, Jin Hyung %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Efficient Learning-based Image Enhancement : Application to Compression Artifact Removal and Super-resolution : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-13A3-E %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %X Many computer vision and computational photography applications essentially solve an image enhancement problem. The image has been deteriorated by a specific noise process, such as aberrations from camera optics and compression artifacts, that we would like to remove. We describe a framework for learning-based image enhancement. At the core of our algorithm lies a generic regularization framework that comprises a prior on natural images, as well as an application-specific conditional model based on Gaussian processes. In contrast to prior learning-based approaches, our algorithm can instantly learn task-specific degradation models from sample images which enables users to easily adapt the algorithm to a specific problem and data set of interest. This is facilitated by our efficient approximation scheme of large-scale Gaussian processes. We demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach by applying it to example enhancement applications including single-image super-resolution, as well as artifact removal in JPEG- and JPEG 2000-encoded images. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Lu, Tianxiang %A Merz, Stephan %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Towards Verification of the Pastry Protocol using TLA+ : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6975-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2011-RG1-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %P 51 p. %X Pastry is an algorithm that provides a scalable distributed hash table over an underlying P2P network. Several implementations of Pastry are available and have been applied in practice, but no attempt has so far been made to formally describe the algorithm or to verify its properties. Since Pastry combines rather complex data structures, asynchronous communication, concurrency, resilience to churn and fault tolerance, it makes an interesting target for verication. We have modeled Pastry's core routing algorithms and communication protocol in the specication language TLA+. In order to validate the model and to search for bugs we employed the TLA+ model checker tlc to analyze several qualitative properties. We obtained non-trivial insights in the behavior of Pastry through the model checking analysis. Furthermore, we started to verify Pastry using the very same model and the interactive theorem prover tlaps for TLA+. A rst result is the reduction of global Pastry correctness properties to invariants of the underlying data structures. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Taneva, Bilyana %A Kacimi El Hassani, M. %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Finding Images of Rare and Ambiguous Entities : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6581-8 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2011-5-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %P 30 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Tompkin, James %A Kim, Kwang In %A Kautz, Jan %A Theobalt, Christian %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Videoscapes: Exploring Unstructured Video Collections : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-F76C-8 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2011 %P 32 p. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Althaus, Ernst %A Altmeyer, Sebastian %A Naujoks, Rouven %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A New Combinatorial Approach to Parametric Path Analysis : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-15F7-8 %F EDOC: 536763 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256428004B93B8-7741AE14A57A7C00C125781100477B84-Naujoks10a %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2010 %P 33 p. %X Hard real-time systems require tasks to finish in time. To guarantee the timeliness of such a system, static timing analyses derive upper bounds on the \emph{worst-case execution time} of tasks. There are two types of timing analyses: numeric and parametric ones. A numeric analysis derives a numeric timing bound and, to this end, assumes all information such as loop bounds to be given a priori. If these bounds are unknown during analysis time, a parametric analysis can compute a timing formula parametric in these variables. A performance bottleneck of timing analyses, numeric and especially parametric, can be the so-called path analysis, which determines the path in the analyzed task with the longest execution time bound. In this paper, we present a new approach to the path analysis. This approach exploits the rather regular structure of software for hard real-time and safety-critical systems. As we show in the evaluation of this paper, we strongly improve upon former techniques in terms of precision and runtime in the parametric case. Even in the numeric case, our approach matches up to state-of-the-art techniques and may be an alternative to commercial tools employed for path analysis. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 58 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_058.pdf

%0 Report %A Anand, Avishek %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Berberich, Klaus %A Schenkel, Ralf %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Efficient Temporal Keyword Queries over Versioned Text : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-65A0-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 39 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Hemmer, Michael %A Kerber, Michael %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Generic Algebraic Kernel for Non-linear Geometric Applications : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-15EC-2 %F EDOC: 536754 %U http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00480031/fr/ %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256428004B93B8-4DF2B1DAA1910721C12577FB00348D67-bhk-ak2-inria-2010 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis, France %D 2010 %P 20 p. %B Rapport de recherche / INRIA

%0 Report %A Berberich, Klaus %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Alonso, Omar %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Language Modeling Approach for Temporal Information Needs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-65AB-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 29 p. %X This work addresses information needs that have a temporal dimension conveyed by a temporal expression in the user's query. Temporal expressions such as \textsf{``in the 1990s''} are frequent, easily extractable, but not leveraged by existing retrieval models. One challenge when dealing with them is their inherent uncertainty. It is often unclear which exact time interval a temporal expression refers to. We integrate temporal expressions into a language modeling approach, thus making them first-class citizens of the retrieval model and considering their inherent uncertainty. Experiments on the New York Times Annotated Corpus using Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect queries and obtain relevance assessments demonstrate that our approach yields substantial improvements in retrieval effectiveness. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Broschart, Andreas %A Schenkel, Ralf %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Real-time Text Queries with Tunable Term Pair Indexes : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-658C-1 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 41 p. %X Term proximity scoring is an established means in information retrieval for improving result quality of full-text queries. Integrating such proximity scores into efficient query processing, however, has not been equally well studied. Existing methods make use of precomputed lists of documents where tuples of terms, usually pairs, occur together, usually incurring a huge index size compared to term-only indexes. This paper introduces a joint framework for trading off index size and result quality, and provides optimization techniques for tuning precomputed indexes towards either maximal result quality or maximal query processing performance, given an upper bound for the index size. The framework allows to selectively materialize lists for pairs based on a query log to further reduce index size. Extensive experiments with two large text collections demonstrate runtime improvements of several orders of magnitude over existing text-based processing techniques with reasonable index sizes. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Das Sarma, Anish %A Theobald, Martin %A Widom, Jennifer %+ External Organizations Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T LIVE: A Lineage-Supported Versioned DBMS : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1512-A %F EDOC: 536357 %U http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/926/ %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-C48EC96138450196C12576B1003F58D3-ilpubs-926 %Y Standford University %C Standford %D 2010 %P 13 p. %B Technical Report

%0 Report %A Elbassuoni, Shady %A Ramanath, Maya %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Query Relaxation for Entity-relationship Search : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-B30B-6 %Y Max-Planck Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %B Report

%0 Report %A Faber, Johannes %A Ihlemann, Carsten %A Jacobs, Swen %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Automatic Verification of Parametric Specifications with Complex Topologies : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-14A6-8 %F EDOC: 536341 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-2E8AD7BA67FF4CB5C12577B4004D8EF8-faber-ihlemann-jacobs-sofronie-2010-report %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2010 %P 40 p. %X The focus of this paper is on reducing the complexity in verification by exploiting modularity at various levels: in specification, in verification, and structurally. \begin{itemize} \item For specifications, we use the modular language CSP-OZ-DC, which allows us to decouple verification tasks concerning data from those concerning durations. \item At the verification level, we exploit modularity in theorem proving for rich data structures and use this for invariant checking. \item At the structural level, we analyze possibilities for modular verification of systems consisting of various components which interact. \end{itemize} We illustrate these ideas by automatically verifying safety properties of a case study from the European Train Control System standard, which extends previous examples by comprising a complex track topology with lists of track segments and trains with different routes. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 66 %@ false

%0 Report %A Hoffart, Johannes %A Suchanek, Fabian M. %A Berberich, Klaus %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T YAGO2: A Spatially and Temporally Enhanced Knowledge Base from Wikipedia : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-155B-A %F EDOC: 536412 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-007 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-37A86CDFCE56B71DC125784800386E6A-Hoffart2010 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 55 p. %X We present YAGO2, an extension of the YAGO knowledge base, in which entities, facts, and events are anchored in both time and space. YAGO2 is built automatically from Wikipedia, GeoNames, and WordNet. It contains 80 million facts about 9.8 million entities. Human evaluation confirmed an accuracy of 95\% of the facts in YAGO2. In this paper, we present the extraction methodology, the integration of the spatio-temporal dimension, and our knowledge representation SPOTL, an extension of the original SPO-triple model to time and space. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Huang, Chien-Chung %A Kavitha, Telikepalli %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Maximum Cardinality Popular Matchings in Strict Two-sided Preference Lists : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6668-9 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-1-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 17 p. %X We consider the problem of computing a maximum cardinality {\em popular} matching in a bipartite graph $G = (\A\cup\B, E)$ where each vertex $u \in \A\cup\B$ ranks its neighbors in a strict order of preference. This is the same as an instance of the {\em stable marriage} problem with incomplete lists. A matching $M^*$ is said to be popular if there is no matching $M$ such that more vertices are better off in $M$ than in $M^*$. \smallskip Popular matchings have been extensively studied in the case of one-sided preference lists, i.e., only vertices of $\A$ have preferences over their neighbors while vertices in $\B$ have no preferences; polynomial time algorithms have been shown here to determine if a given instance admits a popular matching or not and if so, to compute one with maximum cardinality. It has very recently been shown that for two-sided preference lists, the problem of determining if a given instance admits a popular matching or not is NP-complete. However this hardness result assumes that preference lists have {\em ties}. When preference lists are {\em strict}, it is easy to show that popular matchings always exist since stable matchings always exist and they are popular. But the complexity of computing a maximum cardinality popular matching was unknown. In this paper we show an $O(mn)$ algorithm for this problem, where $n = |\A| + |\B|$ and $m = |E|$. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Ihlemann, Carsten %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On Hierarchical Reasoning in Combinations of Theories : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-14B7-2 %F EDOC: 536339 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-8E77AFE123C76116C1257782003FEBDA-Ihlemann-Sofronie-Stokkermans-atr60-2010 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2010 %P 26 p. %X In this paper we study theory combinations over non-disjoint signatures in which hierarchical and modular reasoning is possible. We use a notion of locality of a theory extension parameterized by a closure operator on ground terms. We give criteria for recognizing these types of theory extensions. We then show that combinations of extensions of theories which are local in this extended sense have also a locality property and hence allow modular and hierarchical reasoning. We thus obtain parameterized decidability and complexity results for many (combinations of) theories important in verification. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 60 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_060.pdf

%0 Report %A Ihlemann, Carsten %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T System Description: H-PILoT (Version 1.9) : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-14C5-2 %F EDOC: 536340 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-5F53450808E13ED9C125778C00501AE6-Ihlemann-Sofronie-Stokkermans-atr61-2010 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2010 %P 45 p. %X This system description provides an overview of H-PILoT (Hierarchical Proving by Instantiation in Local Theory extensions), a program for hierarchical reasoning in extensions of logical theories. H-PILoT reduces deduction problems in the theory extension to deduction problems in the base theory. Specialized provers and standard SMT solvers can be used for testing the satisfiability of the formulae obtained after the reduction. For a certain type of theory extension (namely for {\em local theory extensions}) this hierarchical reduction is sound and complete and -- if the formulae obtained this way belong to a fragment decidable in the base theory -- H-PILoT provides a decision procedure for testing satisfiability of ground formulae, and can also be used for model generation. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 61 %@ false

%0 Report %A Preda, Nicoleta %A Suchanek, F. %A Yuan, Wenjun %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Query Evaluation with Asymmetric Web Services : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-659D-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 31 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Seufert, Stephan %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Mestre, Julian %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Bonsai: Growing Interesting Small Trees : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-14D8-7 %F EDOC: 536383 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-005 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-BC73995718B48415C12577E600538833-Seufert2010a %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 32 p. %X Graphs are increasingly used to model a variety of loosely structured data such as biological or social networks and entity-relationships. Given this profusion of large-scale graph data, efficiently discovering interesting substructures buried within is essential. These substructures are typically used in determining subsequent actions, such as conducting visual analytics by humans or designing expensive biomedical experiments. In such settings, it is often desirable to constrain the size of the discovered results in order to directly control the associated costs. In this report, we address the problem of finding cardinality-constrained connected subtrees from large node-weighted graphs that maximize the sum of weights of selected nodes. We provide an efficient constant-factor approximation algorithm for this strongly NP-hard problem. Our techniques can be applied in a wide variety of application settings, for example in differential analysis of graphs, a problem that frequently arises in bioinformatics but also has applications on the web. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Suda, Martin %A Weidenbach, Christoph %A Wischnewski, Patrick %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the saturation of YAGO : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6584-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-RG1-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 50 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Tevs, Art %A Wand, Michael %A Ihrke, Ivo %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society International Max Planck Research School, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Graphics - Optics - Vision, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Bayesian Approach to Manifold Topology Reconstruction : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1722-7 %F EDOC: 537282 %@ 0946-011X %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 23 p. %X In this paper, we investigate the problem of statistical reconstruction of piecewise linear manifold topology. Given a noisy, probably undersampled point cloud from a one- or two-manifold, the algorithm reconstructs an approximated most likely mesh in a Bayesian sense from which the sample might have been taken. We incorporate statistical priors on the object geometry to improve the reconstruction quality if additional knowledge about the class of original shapes is available. The priors can be formulated analytically or learned from example geometry with known manifold tessellation. The statistical objective function is approximated by a linear programming / integer programming problem, for which a globally optimal solution is found. We apply the algorithm to a set of 2D and 3D reconstruction examples, demon-strating that a statistics-based manifold reconstruction is feasible, and still yields plausible results in situations where sampling conditions are violated. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Theobald, Martin %A Sozio, Mauro %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Nakashole, Ndapandula %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T URDF: Efficient Reasoning in Uncertain RDF Knowledge Bases with Soft and Hard Rules : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1556-3 %F EDOC: 536366 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2010-5-002 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-4F6C2407136ECAA6C125770E003634BE-urdf-tr-2010 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2010 %P 48 p. %X We present URDF, an efficient reasoning framework for graph-based, nonschematic RDF knowledge bases and SPARQL-like queries. URDF augments first-order reasoning by a combination of soft rules, with Datalog-style recursive implications, and hard rules, in the shape of mutually exclusive sets of facts. It incorporates the common possible worlds semantics with independent base facts as it is prevalent in most probabilistic database approaches, but also supports semantically more expressive, probabilistic first-order representations such as Markov Logic Networks. As knowledge extraction on theWeb often is an iterative (and inherently noisy) process, URDF explicitly targets the resolution of inconsistencies between the underlying RDF base facts and the inference rules. Core of our approach is a novel and efficient approximation algorithm for a generalized version of the Weighted MAX-SAT problem, allowing us to dynamically resolve such inconsistencies directly at query processing time. Our MAX-SAT algorithm has a worst-case running time of O(jCj jSj), where jCj and jSj denote the number of facts in grounded soft and hard rules, respectively, and it comes with tight approximation guarantees with respect to the shape of the rules and the distribution of confidences of facts they contain. Experiments over various benchmark settings confirm a high robustness and significantly improved runtime of our reasoning framework in comparison to state-of-the-art techniques for MCMC sampling such as MAP inference and MC-SAT. Keywords %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Berberich, Klaus %A Dittrich, Jens %A Mamoulis, Nikos %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Scalable Phrase Mining for Ad-hoc Text Analytics : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-194A-0 %F EDOC: 520425 %@ 0946-011X %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-4E35301DBC58B9F7C12575A00044A942-TechReport-BBDMW2009 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 41 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Berner, Alexander %A Bokeloh, Martin %A Wand, Martin %A Schilling, Andreas %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Generalized intrinsic symmetry detection : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-666B-3 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-4-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 33 p. %X In this paper, we address the problem of detecting partial symmetries in 3D objects. In contrast to previous work, our algorithm is able to match deformed symmetric parts: We first develop an algorithm for the case of approximately isometric deformations, based on matching graphs of surface feature lines that are annotated with intrinsic geometric properties. The sensitivity to non-isometry is controlled by tolerance parameters for each such annotation. Using large tolerance values for some of these annotations and a robust matching of the graph topology yields a more general symmetry detection algorithm that can detect similarities in structures that have undergone strong deformations. This approach for the first time allows for detecting partial intrinsic as well as more general, non-isometric symmetries. We evaluate the recognition performance of our technique for a number synthetic and real-world scanner data sets. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A de Melo, Gerard %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Towards a Universal Wordnet by Learning from Combined Evidenc : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-665C-5 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-5-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 32 p. %X Lexical databases are invaluable sources of knowledge about words and their meanings, with numerous applications in areas like NLP, IR, and AI. We propose a methodology for the automatic construction of a large-scale multilingual lexical database where words of many languages are hierarchically organized in terms of their meanings and their semantic relations to other words. This resource is bootstrapped from WordNet, a well-known English-language resource. Our approach extends WordNet with around 1.5 million meaning links for 800,000 words in over 200 languages, drawing on evidence extracted from a variety of resources including existing (monolingual) wordnets, (mostly bilingual) translation dictionaries, and parallel corpora. Graph-based scoring functions and statistical learning techniques are used to iteratively integrate this information and build an output graph. Experiments show that this wordnet has a high level of precision and coverage, and that it can be useful in applied tasks such as cross-lingual text classification. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Fuchs, Martin %A Chen, Tongbo %A Wang, Oliver %A Raskar, Ramesh %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A shaped temporal filter camera : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-666E-E %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 25 p. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Havran, Vlastimil %A Zajac, Jozef %A Drahokoupil, Jiri %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T MPI Informatics building model as data for your research : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6665-F %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-4-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 113 p. %X In this report we describe the MPI Informatics building model that provides the data of the Max-Planck-Institut f\"{u}r Informatik (MPII) building. We present our motivation for this work and its relationship to reproducibility of a scientific research. We describe the dataset acquisition and creation including geometry, luminaires, surface reflectances, reference photographs etc. needed to use this model in testing of algorithms. The created dataset can be used in computer graphics and beyond, in particular in global illumination algorithms with focus on realistic and predictive image synthesis. Outside of computer graphics, it can be used as general source of real world geometry with an existing counterpart and hence also suitable for computer vision. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Horbach, Matthias %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Deciding the Inductive Validity of Forall Exists* Queries : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1A51-3 %F EDOC: 521099 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-F9BA0666A42B8463C12576AF002882D7-Horbach2009TR1 %D 2009 %X We present a new saturation-based decidability result for inductive validity. Let $\Sigma$ be a finite signature in which all function symbols are at most unary and let $N$ be a satisfiable Horn clause set without equality in which all positive literals are linear. If $N\cup\{A_1,\ldots,A_n\rightarrow\}$ belongs to a finitely saturating clause class, then it is decidable whether a sentence of the form $\forall\exists^* (A_1\wedge\ldots\wedge A_n)$ is valid in the minimal model of $N$.

%0 Report %A Horbach, Matthias %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Superposition for Fixed Domains : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1A71-C %F EDOC: 521100 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-5DDBBB1B134360CFC12576AF0028D299-Horbach2009TR2 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 49 p. %X Superposition is an established decision procedure for a variety of first-order logic theories represented by sets of clauses. A satisfiable theory, saturated by superposition, implicitly defines a minimal term-generated model for the theory. Proving universal properties with respect to a saturated theory directly leads to a modification of the minimal model's term-generated domain, as new Skolem functions are introduced. For many applications, this is not desired. Therefore, we propose the first superposition calculus that can explicitly represent existentially quantified variables and can thus compute with respect to a given domain. This calculus is sound and refutationally complete in the limit for a first-order fixed domain semantics. For saturated Horn theories and classes of positive formulas, we can even employ the calculus to prove properties of the minimal model itself, going beyond the scope of known superposition-based approaches. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Horbach, Matthias %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Decidability Results for Saturation-based Model Building : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6659-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-RG1-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 38 p. %X Saturation-based calculi such as superposition can be successfully instantiated to decision procedures for many decidable fragments of first-order logic. In case of termination without generating an empty clause, a saturated clause set implicitly represents a minimal model for all clauses, based on the underlying term ordering of the superposition calculus. In general, it is not decidable whether a ground atom, a clause or even a formula holds in this minimal model of a satisfiable saturated clause set. Based on an extension of our superposition calculus for fixed domains with syntactic disequality constraints in a non-equational setting, we describe models given by ARM (Atomic Representations of term Models) or DIG (Disjunctions of Implicit Generalizations) representations as minimal models of finite saturated clause sets. This allows us to present several new decidability results for validity in such models. These results extend in particular the known decidability results for ARM and DIG representations. %B Research Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Hullin, Matthias B. %A Ajdin, Boris %A Hanika, Johannes %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %A Kautz, Jan %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Acquisition and analysis of bispectral bidirectional reflectance distribution functions : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6671-4 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-4-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 25 p. %X In fluorescent materials, energy from a certain band of incident wavelengths is reflected or reradiated at larger wavelengths, i.e. with lower energy per photon. While fluorescent materials are common in everyday life, they have received little attention in computer graphics. Especially, no bidirectional reflectance measurements of fluorescent materials have been available so far. In this paper, we develop the concept of a bispectral BRDF, which extends the well-known concept of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) to account for energy transfer between wavelengths. Using a bidirectional and bispectral measurement setup, we acquire reflectance data of a variety of fluorescent materials, including vehicle paints, paper and fabric. We show bispectral renderings of the measured data and compare them with reduced versions of the bispectral BRDF, including the traditional RGB vector valued BRDF. Principal component analysis of the measured data reveals that for some materials the fluorescent reradiation spectrum changes considerably over the range of directions. We further show that bispectral BRDFs can be efficiently acquired using an acquisition strategy based on principal components. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Elbassuoni, Shady %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T MING: Mining Informative Entity-relationship Subgraphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1932-4 %F EDOC: 520416 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-E977DDB8EDAABEE6C12576320036DBD9-KasneciMING2009 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 32 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Neumann, Thomas %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T The RDF-3X Engine for Scalable Management of RDF Data : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-195A-A %F EDOC: 520381 %@ 0946-011X %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-AD3DBAFA6FB90DD2C1257593002FF3DF-Neumann2009report1 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %X RDF is a data model for schema-free structured information that is gaining momentum in the context of Semantic-Web data, life sciences, and also Web 2.0 platforms. The ``pay-as-you-go'' nature of RDF and the flexible pattern-matching capabilities of its query language SPARQL entail efficiency and scalability challenges for complex queries including long join paths. This paper presents the RDF-3X engine, an implementation of SPARQL that achieves excellent performance by pursuing a RISC-style architecture with streamlined indexing and query processing. The physical design is identical for all RDF-3X databases regardless of their workloads, and completely eliminates the need for index tuning by exhaustive indexes for all permutations of subject-property-object triples and their binary and unary projections. These indexes are highly compressed, and the query processor can aggressively leverage fast merge joins with excellent performance of processor caches. The query optimizer is able to choose optimal join orders even for complex queries, with a cost model that includes statistical synopses for entire join paths. Although RDF-3X is optimized for queries, it also provides good support for efficient online updates by means of a staging architecture: direct updates to the main database indexes are deferred, and instead applied to compact differential indexes which are later merged into the main indexes in a batched manner. Experimental studies with several large-scale datasets with more than 50 million RDF triples and benchmark queries that include pattern matching, manyway star-joins, and long path-joins demonstrate that RDF-3X can outperform the previously best alternatives by one or two orders of magnitude. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Preda, Nicoleta %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Neumann, Thomas %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Coupling Knowledge Bases and Web Services for Active Knowledge : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1901-1 %F EDOC: 520423 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-BF2AB4A39F925BC8C125759800444744-PredaSuchanekKasneciNeumannWeikum2009 %D 2009 %X We present ANGIE, a system that can answer user queries by combining knowledge from a local database with knowledge retrieved from Web services. If a user poses a query that cannot be answered by the local database alone, ANGIE calls the appropriate Web services to retrieve the missing information. In ANGIE,Web services act as dynamic components of the knowledge base that deliver knowledge on demand. To the user, this is fully transparent; the dynamically acquired knowledge is presented as if it were stored in the local knowledge base. We have developed a RDF based model for declarative definition of functions embedded in the local knowledge base. The results of available Web services are cast into RDF subgraphs. Parameter bindings are automatically constructed by ANGIE, services are invoked, and the semi-structured information returned by the services are dynamically integrated into the knowledge base We have developed a query rewriting algorithm that determines one or more function composition that need to be executed in order to evaluate a SPARQL style user query. The key idea is that the local knowledge base can be used to guide the selection of values used as input parameters of function calls. This is in contrast to the conventional approaches in the literature which would exhaustively materialize all values that can be used as binding values for the input parameters. %B Research Reports

%0 Report %A Ramanath, Maya %A Sarath Kumar, Kondreddi %A Ifrim, Georgiana %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Generating Concise and Readable Summaries of XML documents : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1915-6 %F EDOC: 520419 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256DBF005F876D-EA355A84178BB514C12575BA002A90E0-Ramanath2008 %D 2009 %B Research Reports

%0 Report %A Rybalchenko, Andrey %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Constraint Solving for Interpolation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1A4A-6 %F EDOC: 521091 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-7BE33255DCBCF2AAC1257650004B7C65-Rybalchenko-Sofronie-Stokkermans-2009 %D 2009

%0 Report %A Schultz, Thomas %A Weickert, Joachim %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Higher-order Structure Tensor : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-13BC-7 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %X Structure tensors are a common tool for orientation estimation in image processing and computer vision. We present a generalization of the traditional second-order model to a higher-order structure tensor (HOST), which is able to model more than one significant orientation, as found in corners, junctions, and multi-channel images. We provide a theoretical analysis and a number of mathematical tools that facilitate practical use of the HOST, visualize it using a novel glyph for higher-order tensors, and demonstrate how it can be applied in an improved integrated edge, corner, and junction %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Stoll, Carsten %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Optical reconstruction of detailed animatable human body models : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-665F-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2009-4-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2009 %P 37 p. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Weidenbach, Christoph %A Wischnewski, Patrick %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Contextual Rewriting : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1A4C-2 %F EDOC: 521106 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C125716C0050FB51-DD89BAB0441DE797C125757F0034B8CB-WeidenbachWischnewskiReport2009 %D 2009

%0 Report %A Ajwani, Deepak %A Malinger, Itay %A Meyer, Ulrich %A Toledo, Sivan %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Characterizing the performance of Flash memory storage devices and its impact on algorithm design : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66C7-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-1-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 36 p. %X Initially used in digital audio players, digital cameras, mobile phones, and USB memory sticks, flash memory may become the dominant form of end-user storage in mobile computing, either completely replacing the magnetic hard disks or being an additional secondary storage. We study the design of algorithms and data structures that can exploit the flash memory devices better. For this, we characterize the performance of NAND flash based storage devices, including many solid state disks. We show that these devices have better random read performance than hard disks, but much worse random write performance. We also analyze the effect of misalignments, aging and past I/O patterns etc. on the performance obtained on these devices. We show that despite the similarities between flash memory and RAM (fast random reads) and between flash disk and hard disk (both are block based devices), the algorithms designed in the RAM model or the external memory model do not realize the full potential of the flash memory devices. We later give some broad guidelines for designing algorithms which can exploit the comparative advantages of both a flash memory device and a hard disk, when used together. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Hemmer, Michael %A Karavelas, Menelaos %A Pion, Sylvain %A Teillaud, Monique %A Tsigaridas, Elias %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations %T Prototype Implementation of the Algebraic Kernel : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E387-2 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen %D 2008 %X In this report we describe the current progress with respect to prototype implementations of algebraic kernels within the ACS project. More specifically, we report on: (1) the Cgal package Algebraic_kernel_for_circles_2_2 aimed at providing the necessary algebraic functionality required for treating circular arcs; (2) an interface between Cgal and SYNAPS for accessing the algebraic functionality in the SYNAPS library; (3) the NumeriX library (part of the EXACUS project) which is a prototype implementation of a set of algebraic tools on univariate polynomials, needed to built an algebraic kernel and (4) a rough CGAL-like prototype implementation of a set of algebraic tools on univariate polynomials. %U http://www.researchgate.net/publication/254300442_Prototype_implementation_of_the_algebraic_kernel

%0 Report %A Bokeloh, Martin %A Berner, Alexander %A Wand, Michael %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %A Schilling, Andreas %+ External Organizations External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Slippage Features : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0023-D3FC-F %U urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-opus-33880 %Y Wilhelm-Schickard-Institut / Universit&#228;t T&#252;bingen %C T&#252;bingen %D 2008 %P 17 p. %B WSI %N 2008-03 %@ false %U http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-opus-33880

%0 Report %A Das Sarma, Anish %A Theobald, Martin %A Widom, Jennifer %+ External Organizations Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Data Modifications and Versioning in Trio : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-AED6-D %U http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/849/ %Y Standford University Infolab %C Standford, CA %D 2008 %B Technical Report

%0 Report %A de Melo, Gerard %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Pease, Adam %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Integrating Yago into the suggested upper merged ontology : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66AB-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-5-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 31 p. %X Ontologies are becoming more and more popular as background knowledge for intelligent applications. Up to now, there has been a schism between manually assembled, highly axiomatic ontologies and large, automatically constructed knowledge bases. This report discusses how the two worlds can be brought together by combining the high-level axiomatizations from the Standard Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) with the extensive world knowledge of the YAGO ontology. On the theoretical side, it analyses the differences between the knowledge representation in YAGO and SUMO. On the practical side, this report explains how the two resources can be merged. This yields a new large-scale formal ontology, which provides information about millions of entities such as people, cities, organizations, and companies. This report is the detailed version of our paper at ICTAI 2008. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Fietzke, Arnaud Luc %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Labelled splitting : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6674-D %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-RG1-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 45 p. %X We define a superposition calculus with explicit splitting and an explicit, new backtracking rule on the basis of labelled clauses. For the first time we show a superposition calculus with explicit backtracking rule sound and complete. The new backtracking rule advances backtracking with branch condensing known from SPASS. An experimental evaluation of an implementation of the new rule shows that it improves considerably the previous SPASS splitting implementation. Finally, we discuss the relationship between labelled first-order splitting and DPLL style splitting with intelligent backtracking and clause learning. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Ramanath, Maya %A Sozio, Mauro %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T STAR: Steiner tree approximation in relationship-graphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66B3-1 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-5-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 37 p. %X Large-scale graphs and networks are abundant in modern information systems: entity-relationship graphs over relational data or Web-extracted entities, biological networks, social online communities, knowledge bases, and many more. Often such data comes with expressive node and edge labels that allow an interpretation as a semantic graph, and edge weights that reflect the strengths of semantic relations between entities. Finding close relationships between a given set of two, three, or more entities is an important building block for many search, ranking, and analysis tasks. From an algorithmic point of view, this translates into computing the best Steiner trees between the given nodes, a classical NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present a new approximation algorithm, coined STAR, for relationship queries over large graphs that do not fit into memory. We prove that for n query entities, STAR yields an O(log(n))-approximation of the optimal Steiner tree, and show that in practical cases the results returned by STAR are qualitatively better than the results returned by a classical 2-approximation algorithm. We then describe an extension to our algorithm to return the top-k Steiner trees. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm over both main-memory as well as completely disk-resident graphs containing millions of nodes. Our experiments show that STAR outperforms the best state-of-the returns qualitatively better results. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Neumann, Thomas %A Moerkotte, Guido %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Single phase construction of optimal DAG-structured QEPs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66B0-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-5-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 73 p. %X Traditionally, database management systems use tree-structured query evaluation plans. They are easy to implement but not expressive enough for some optimizations like eliminating common algebraic subexpressions or magic sets. These require directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), i.e. shared subplans. Existing approaches consider DAGs merely for special cases and not in full generality. We introduce a novel framework to reason about sharing of subplans and, thus, DAG-structured query evaluation plans. Then, we present the first plan generator capable of generating optimal DAG-structured query evaluation plans. The experimental results show that with no or only a modest increase of plan generation time, a major reduction of query execution time can be achieved for common queries. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Schultz, Thomas %A Theisel, Holger %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Crease surfaces: from theory to extraction and application to diffusion tensor MRI : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66B6-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 33 p. %X Crease surfaces are two-dimensional manifolds along which a scalar field assumes a local maximum (ridge) or a local minimum (valley) in a constrained space. Unlike isosurfaces, they are able to capture extremal structures in the data. Creases have a long tradition in image processing and computer vision, and have recently become a popular tool for visualization. When extracting crease surfaces, degeneracies of the Hessian (i.e., lines along which two eigenvalues are equal), have so far been ignored. We show that these loci, however, have two important consequences for the topology of crease surfaces: First, creases are bounded not only by a side constraint on eigenvalue sign, but also by Hessian degeneracies. Second, crease surfaces are not in general orientable. We describe an efficient algorithm for the extraction of crease surfaces which takes these insights into account and demonstrate that it produces more accurate results than previous approaches. Finally, we show that DT-MRI streamsurfaces, which were previously used for the analysis of planar regions in diffusion tensor MRI data, are mathematically ill-defined. As an example application of our method, creases in a measure of planarity are presented as a viable substitute. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Efficient Hierarchical Reasoning about Functions over Numerical Domains : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-A46C-B %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2008 %P 17 p. %X We show that many properties studied in mathematical analysis (monotonicity, boundedness, inverse, Lipschitz properties, possibly combined with continuity or derivability) are expressible by formulae in a class for which sound and complete hierarchical proof methods for testing satisfiability of sets of ground clauses exist. The results are useful for automated reasoning in mathematical analysis and for the verification of hybrid systems. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 45 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/fileadmin/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_045.pdf

%0 Report %A Sofronie-Stokkermans, Viorica %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Sheaves and Geometric Logic and Applications to Modular Verification of Complex Systems : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-A579-5 %Y SFB/TR 14 AVACS %D 2008 %X In this paper we show that states, transitions and behavior of concurrent systems can often be modeled as sheaves over a suitable topological space (where the topology expresses how the interacting systems share the information). This allows us to use results from categorical logic (and in particular geometric logic) to describe which type of properties are transferred, if valid locally in all component systems, also at a global level, to the system obtained by interconnecting the individual systems. The main area of application is to modular verification of complex systems. We illustrate the ideas by means of an example involving a family of interacting controllers for trains on a rail track. %B AVACS Technical Report %N 46 %@ false %U http://www.avacs.org/fileadmin/Publikationen/Open/avacs_technical_report_046.pdf

%0 Report %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Sozio, Mauro %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T SOFIE: A Self-Organizing Framework for Information Extraction : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-668E-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-5-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 49 p. %X This paper presents SOFIE, a system for automated ontology extension. SOFIE can parse natural language documents, extract ontological facts from them and link the facts into an ontology. SOFIE uses logical reasoning on the existing knowledge and on the new knowledge in order to disambiguate words to their most probable meaning, to reason on the meaning of text patterns and to take into account world knowledge axioms. This allows SOFIE to check the plausibility of hypotheses and to avoid inconsistencies with the ontology. The framework of SOFIE unites the paradigms of pattern matching, word sense disambiguation and ontological reasoning in one unified model. Our experiments show that SOFIE delivers near-perfect output, even from unstructured Internet documents. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Wang, Danyi %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Saleem, Waqar %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Shape Complexity from Image Similarity : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66B9-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2008-4-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2008 %P 28 p. %X We present an approach to automatically compute the complexity of a given 3D shape. Previous approaches have made use of geometric and/or topological properties of the 3D shape to compute complexity. Our approach is based on shape appearance and estimates the complexity of a given 3D shape according to how 2D views of the shape diverge from each other. We use similarity among views of the 3D shape as the basis for our complexity computation. Hence our approach uses claims from psychology that humans mentally represent 3D shapes as organizations of 2D views and, therefore, mimics how humans gauge shape complexity. Experimental results show that our approach produces results that are more in agreement with the human notion of shape complexity than those obtained using previous approaches. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Althaus, Ernst %A Canzar, Stefan %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Lagrangian relaxation approach for the multiple sequence alignment problem : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6707-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-1-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 41 p. %X We present a branch-and-bound (bb) algorithm for the multiple sequence alignment problem (MSA), one of the most important problems in computational biology. The upper bound at each bb node is based on a Lagrangian relaxation of an integer linear programming formulation for MSA. Dualizing certain inequalities, the Lagrangian subproblem becomes a pairwise alignment problem, which can be solved efficiently by a dynamic programming approach. Due to a reformulation w.r.t. additionally introduced variables prior to relaxation we improve the convergence rate dramatically while at the same time being able to solve the Lagrangian problem efficiently. Our experiments show that our implementation, although preliminary, outperforms all exact algorithms for the multiple sequence alignment problem. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Bargmann, Robert %A Blanz, Volker %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A nonlinear viseme model for triphone-based speech synthesis : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66DC-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 28 p. %X This paper presents a representation of visemes that defines a measure of similarity between different visemes, and a system of viseme categories. The representation is derived from a statistical data analysis of feature points on 3D scans, using Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). The similarity measure determines which available viseme and triphones to use to synthesize 3D face animation for a novel audio file. From a corpus of dynamic recorded 3D mouth articulation data, our system is able to find the best suited sequence of triphones over which to interpolate while reusing the coarticulation information to obtain correct mouth movements over time. Due to the similarity measure, the system can deal with relatively small triphone databases and find the most appropriate candidates. With the selected sequence of database triphones, we can finally morph along the successive triphones to produce the final articulation animation. In an entirely data-driven approach, our automated procedure for defining viseme categories reproduces the groups of related visemes that are defined in the phonetics literature. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Meyerovitch, Michal %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Computing Envelopes of Quadrics : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1EA4-F %F EDOC: 356718 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-12A6DC64E5449DC9C12573D1004DA0BC-acs:bm-ceq-07 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 5 p. %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Kettner, Lutz %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Linear-Time Reordering in a Sweep-line Algorithm for Algebraic Curves Intersecting in a Common Point : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1FB9-8 %F EDOC: 356668 %@ 0946-011X %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-D3347FB7A037EE5CC12573D1004C6833-bk-reorder-07 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 20 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Hemmer, Michael %A Karavelas, Menelaos I. %A Teillaud, Monique %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations %T Revision of interface specification of algebraic kernel : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-208F-0 %F EDOC: 356661 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-1F31C7FA352D83DDC12573D1004F257E-acs:bhkt-risak-06 %F OTHER: ACS-TR-243301-01 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 100 p. %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Fogel, Efi %A Halperin, Dan %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Wein, Ron %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Sweeping and maintaining two-dimensional arrangements on quadrics : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-20E3-1 %F EDOC: 356692 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-A2D9FC191F294C4BC12573D1004D4FA3-acs:bfhmw-smtaoq-07 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 10 p. %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Hemmer, Michael %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Definition of the 3D Quadrical Kernel Content : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1ED4-1 %F EDOC: 356735 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-2FF567066FB82A5FC12573D1004DDD73-acs:bh-dtqkc-07 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 25 p. %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Caroli, Manuel %A Wolpert, Nicola %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Exact Computation of Arrangements of Rotated Conics : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1F20-F %F EDOC: 356666 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-1EB177EFAA801139C12573D1004D0246-acs:bcw-carc-07 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 5 p %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Fogel, Efi %A Meyer, Andreas %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Updated Website to include Benchmark Instances for Arrangements of Quadrics and Planar Algebraic Curves : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2128-E %F EDOC: 356664 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-DEDF6F20E463424CC12573D1004E1823-acs:bfm-uwibaqpac-07 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2007 %P 5 p. %B ACS Technical Reports

%0 Report %A Berberich, Klaus %A Bedathur, Srikanta %A Neumann, Thomas %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A Time Machine for Text Search : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1E49-E %F EDOC: 356443 %@ 0946-011X %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-D444201EBAA5F95BC125731E00458A41-TechReportBBNW-2007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 39 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Dyken, Christopher %A Ziegler, Gernot %A Theobalt, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T HistoPyramids in Iso-Surface Extraction : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66D3-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 16 p. %X We present an implementation approach to high-speed Marching Cubes, running entirely on the Graphics Processing Unit of Shader Model 3.0 and 4.0 graphics hardware. Our approach is based on the interpretation of Marching Cubes as a stream compaction and expansion process, and is implemented using the HistoPyramid, a hierarchical data structure previously only used in GPU data compaction. We extend the HistoPyramid structure to allow for stream expansion, which provides an efficient method for generating geometry directly on the GPU, even on Shader Model 3.0 hardware. Currently, our algorithm outperforms all other known GPU-based iso-surface extraction algorithms. We describe our implementation and present a performance analysis on several generations of graphics hardware. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Eigenwillig, Arno %A Kettner, Lutz %A Wolpert, Nicola %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Snap Rounding of B&#233;zier Curves : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-20B9-0 %F EDOC: 356760 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-13E19171EEC8D5E0C12572A0005C02F6-ACS-TR-121108-01 %F OTHER: ACS-TR-121108-01 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken, Germany %D 2007 %P 19 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Gall, J&#252;rgen %A Brox, Thomas %A Rosenhahn, Bodo %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Global stochastic optimization for robust and accurate human motion capture : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66CE-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-008 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 28 p. %X Tracking of human motion in video is usually tackled either by local optimization or filtering approaches. While local optimization offers accurate estimates but often looses track due to local optima, particle filtering can recover from errors at the expense of a poor accuracy due to overestimation of noise. In this paper, we propose to embed global stochastic optimization in a tracking framework. This new optimization technique exhibits both the robustness of filtering strategies and a remarkable accuracy. We apply the optimization to an energy function that relies on silhouettes and color, as well as some prior information on physical constraints. This framework provides a general solution to markerless human motion capture since neither excessive preprocessing nor strong assumptions except of a 3D model are required. The optimization provides initialization and accurate tracking even in case of low contrast and challenging illumination. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates the large improvements obtained with this technique. It comprises a quantitative error analysis comparing the approach with local optimization, particle filtering, and a heuristic based on particle filtering. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Gall, J&#252;rgen %A Rosenhahn, Bodo %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Clustered stochastic optimization for object recognition and pose estimation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66E5-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 23 p. %X We present an approach for estimating the 3D position and in case of articulated objects also the joint configuration from segmented 2D images. The pose estimation without initial information is a challenging optimization problem in a high dimensional space and is essential for texture acquisition and initialization of model-based tracking algorithms. Our method is able to recognize the correct object in the case of multiple objects and estimates its pose with a high accuracy. The key component is a particle-based global optimization method that converges to the global minimum similar to simulated annealing. After detecting potential bounded subsets of the search space, the particles are divided into clusters and migrate to the most attractive cluster as the time increases. The performance of our approach is verified by means of real scenes and a quantative error analysis for image distortions. Our experiments include rigid bodies and full human bodies. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Gall, J&#252;rgen %A Potthoff, J&#252;rgen %A Schn&#246;rr, Christoph %A Rosenhahn, Bodo %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Interacting and Annealing Particle Filters: Mathematics and a Recipe for Applications : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-13C7-D %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %Z Review method: peer-reviewed %X Interacting and annealing are two powerful strategies that are applied in different areas of stochastic modelling and data analysis. Interacting particle systems approximate a distribution of interest by a finite number of particles where the particles interact between the time steps. In computer vision, they are commonly known as particle filters. Simulated annealing, on the other hand, is a global optimization method derived from statistical mechanics. A recent heuristic approach to fuse these two techniques for motion capturing has become known as annealed particle filter. In order to analyze these techniques, we rigorously derive in this paper two algorithms with annealing properties based on the mathematical theory of interacting particle systems. Convergence results and sufficient parameter restrictions enable us to point out limitations of the annealed particle filter. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of the parameters on the performance in various experiments, including the tracking of articulated bodies from noisy measurements. Our results provide a general guidance on suitable parameter choices for different applications. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Gidenstam, Anders %A Papatriantafilou, Marina %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T LFthreads: a lock-free thread library : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66F8-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-1-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 36 p. %X This paper presents the synchronization in LFthreads, a thread library entirely based on lock-free methods, i.e. no spin-locks or similar synchronization mechanisms are employed in the implementation of the multithreading. Since lock-freedom is highly desirable in multiprocessors/multicores due to its advantages in parallelism, fault-tolerance, convoy-avoidance and more, there is an increased demand in lock-free methods in parallel applications, hence also in multiprocessor/multicore system services. This is why a lock-free multithreading library is important. To the best of our knowledge LFthreads is the first thread library that provides a lock-free implementation of blocking synchronization primitives for application threads. Lock-free implementation of objects with blocking semantics may sound like a contradicting goal. However, such objects have benefits: e.g. library operations that block and unblock threads on the same synchronization object can make progress in parallel while maintaining the desired thread-level semantics and without having to wait for any ``slow'' operations among them. Besides, as no spin-locks or similar synchronization mechanisms are employed, processors are always able to do useful work. As a consequence, applications, too, can enjoy enhanced parallelism and fault-tolerance. The synchronization in LFthreads is achieved by a new method, which we call responsibility hand-off (RHO), that does not need any special kernel support. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Herzog, Robert %A Havran, Vlastimil %A Kinuwaki, Shinichi %A Myszkowski, Karol %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society International Max Planck Research School, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Global Illumination using Photon Ray Splatting : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1F57-6 %F EDOC: 356502 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-88919E23BF524D6AC12573C4005B8D41-HerzogReport2007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken, Germany %D 2007 %P 66 p. %X We present a novel framework for efficiently computing the indirect illumination in diffuse and moderately glossy scenes using density estimation techniques. A vast majority of existing global illumination approaches either quickly computes an approximate solution, which may not be adequate for previews, or performs a much more time-consuming computation to obtain high-quality results for the indirect illumination. Our method improves photon density estimation, which is an approximate solution, and leads to significantly better visual quality in particular for complex geometry, while only slightly increasing the computation time. We perform direct splatting of photon rays, which allows us to use simpler search data structures. Our novel lighting computation is derived from basic radiometric theory and requires only small changes to existing photon splatting approaches. Since our density estimation is carried out in ray space rather than on surfaces, as in the commonly used photon mapping algorithm, the results are more robust against geometrically incurred sources of bias. This holds also in combination with final gathering where photon mapping often overestimates the illumination near concave geometric features. In addition, we show that our splatting technique can be extended to handle moderately glossy surfaces and can be combined with traditional irradiance caching for sparse sampling and filtering in image space. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Hillenbrand, Thomas %A Weidenbach, Christoph %+ Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Automation of Logic, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Superposition for Finite Domains : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-20DA-8 %F EDOC: 356455 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-1CF84BA6556F8748C12572C1002F229B-HillenbrandWeidenbach2007Report %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken, Germany %D 2007 %P 25 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik / Research Report

%0 Report %A Jenke, Philipp %A Wand, Michael %A Strasser, Wolfgang %+ External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Efficient Surface Reconstruction for Piecewise Smooth Objects : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0023-D3F7-A %U urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-opus-32001 %Y Wilhelm-Schickard-Institut / Universit&#228;t T&#252;bingen %C T&#252;bingen %D 2007 %P 17 p. %B WSI %N 2007-05 %@ false %U http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-opus-32001

%0 Report %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Suchanek, Fabian M. %A Ifrim, Georgiana %A Ramanath, Maya %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T NAGA: Searching and Ranking Knowledge : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-1FFC-1 %F EDOC: 356470 %@ 0946-011X %F OTHER: Local-ID: C12573CC004A8E26-0C33A6E805909705C12572AE003DA15B-TechReportKSIRW-2007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken, Germany %D 2007 %P 42 p. %X The Web has the potential to become the world's largest knowledge base. In order to unleash this potential, the wealth of information available on the web needs to be extracted and organized. There is a need for new querying techniques that are simple yet more expressive than those provided by standard keyword-based search engines. Search for knowledge rather than Web pages needs to consider inherent semantic structures like entities (person, organization, etc.) and relationships (isA,locatedIn, etc.). In this paper, we propose {NAGA}, a new semantic search engine. {NAGA}'s knowledge base, which is organized as a graph with typed edges, consists of millions of entities and relationships automatically extracted fromWeb-based corpora. A query language capable of expressing keyword search for the casual user as well as graph queries with regular expressions for the expert, enables the formulation of queries with additional semantic information. We introduce a novel scoring model, based on the principles of generative language models, which formalizes several notions like confidence, informativeness and compactness and uses them to rank query results. We demonstrate {NAGA}'s superior result quality over current search engines by conducting a comprehensive evaluation, including user assessments, for advanced queries. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Langer, Torsten %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Construction of smooth maps with mean value coordinates : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66DF-1 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 22 p. %X Bernstein polynomials are a classical tool in Computer Aided Design to create smooth maps with a high degree of local control. They are used for the construction of B\'ezier surfaces, free-form deformations, and many other applications. However, classical Bernstein polynomials are only defined for simplices and parallelepipeds. These can in general not directly capture the shape of arbitrary objects. Instead, a tessellation of the desired domain has to be done first. We construct smooth maps on arbitrary sets of polytopes such that the restriction to each of the polytopes is a Bernstein polynomial in mean value coordinates (or any other generalized barycentric coordinates). In particular, we show how smooth transitions between different domain polytopes can be ensured. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Stoll, Carsten %A de Aguiar, Edilson %A Theobalt, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A volumetric approach to interactive shape editing : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66D6-4 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-4-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 28 p. %X We present a novel approach to real-time shape editing that produces physically plausible deformations using an efficient and easy-to-implement volumetric approach. Our algorithm alternates between a linear tetrahedral Laplacian deformation step and a differential update in which rotational transformations are approximated. By means of this iterative process we can achieve non-linear deformation results while having to solve only linear equation systems. The differential update step relies on estimating the rotational component of the deformation relative to the rest pose. This makes the method very stable as the shape can be reverted to its rest pose even after extreme deformations. Only a few point handles or area handles imposing an orientation are needed to achieve high quality deformations, which makes the approach intuitive to use. We show that our technique is well suited for interactive shape manipulation and also provides an elegant way to animate models with captured motion data. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Yago: a large ontology from Wikipedia and WordNet : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-66CA-F %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2007-5-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2007 %P 67 p. %X This article presents YAGO, a large ontology with high coverage and precision. YAGO has been automatically derived from Wikipedia and WordNet. It comprises entities and relations, and currently contains more than 1.7 million entities and 15 million facts. These include the taxonomic Is-A hierarchy as well as semantic relations between entities. The facts for YAGO have been extracted from the category system and the infoboxes of Wikipedia and have been combined with taxonomic relations from WordNet. Type checking techniques help us keep YAGO's precision at 95% -- as proven by an extensive evaluation study. YAGO is based on a clean logical model with a decidable consistency. Furthermore, it allows representing n-ary relations in a natural way while maintaining compatibility with RDFS. A powerful query model facilitates access to YAGO's data. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Albrecht, Irene %A Kipp, Michael %A Neff, Michael Paul %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Multimodal Computing and Interaction Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Gesture modeling and animation by imitation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6979-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-008 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 62 p. %X Animated characters that move and gesticulate appropriately with spoken text are useful in a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, they are very difficult to generate, even more so when a unique, individual movement style is required. We present a system that is capable of producing full-body gesture animation for given input text in the style of a particular performer. Our process starts with video of a performer whose gesturing style we wish to animate. A tool-assisted annotation process is first performed on the video, from which a statistical model of the person.s particular gesturing style is built. Using this model and tagged input text, our generation algorithm creates a gesture script appropriate for the given text. As opposed to isolated singleton gestures, our gesture script specifies a stream of continuous gestures coordinated with speech. This script is passed to an animation system, which enhances the gesture description with more detail and prepares a refined description of the motion. An animation subengine can then generate either kinematic or physically simulated motion based on this description. The system is capable of creating animation that replicates a particular performance in the video corpus, generating new animation for the spoken text that is consistent with the given performer.s style and creating performances of a given text sample in the style of different performers. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Angelova, Ralitsa %A Siersdorfer, Stefan %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A neighborhood-based approach for clustering of linked document collections : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-670D-4 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-5-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 32 p. %X This technical report addresses the problem of automatically structuring linked document collections by using clustering. In contrast to traditional clustering, we study the clustering problem in the light of available link structure information for the data set (e.g., hyperlinks among web documents or co-authorship among bibliographic data entries). Our approach is based on iterative relaxation of cluster assignments, and can be built on top of any clustering algorithm (e.g., k-means or DBSCAN). These techniques result in higher cluster purity, better overall accuracy, and make self-organization more robust. Our comprehensive experiments on three different real-world corpora demonstrate the benefits of our approach. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Bast, Holger %A Weber, Ingmar %A Mortensen, Christian Worm %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Output-sensitive autocompletion search : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-681A-D %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-1-007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 17 p. %X We consider the following autocompletion search scenario: imagine a user of a search engine typing a query; then with every keystroke display those completions of the last query word that would lead to the best hits, and also display the best such hits. The following problem is at the core of this feature: for a fixed document collection, given a set $D$ of documents, and an alphabetical range $W$ of words, compute the set of all word-in-document pairs $(w,d)$ from the collection such that $w \in W$ and $d\in D$. We present a new data structure with the help of which such autocompletion queries can be processed, on the average, in time linear in the input plus output size, independent of the size of the underlying document collection. At the same time, our data structure uses no more space than an inverted index. Actual query processing times on a large test collection correlate almost perfectly with our theoretical bound. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Bast, Holger %A Majumdar, Debapriyo %A Schenkel, Ralf %A Theobalt, Christian %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T IO-Top-k: index-access optimized top-k query processing : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6716-E %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-5-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 49 p. %X Top-k query processing is an important building block for ranked retrieval, with applications ranging from text and data integration to distributed aggregation of network logs and sensor data. Top-k queries operate on index lists for a query's elementary conditions and aggregate scores for result candidates. One of the best implementation methods in this setting is the family of threshold algorithms, which aim to terminate the index scans as early as possible based on lower and upper bounds for the final scores of result candidates. This procedure performs sequential disk accesses for sorted index scans, but also has the option of performing random accesses to resolve score uncertainty. This entails scheduling for the two kinds of accesses: 1) the prioritization of different index lists in the sequential accesses, and 2) the decision on when to perform random accesses and for which candidates. The prior literature has studied some of these scheduling issues, but only for each of the two access types in isolation. The current paper takes an integrated view of the scheduling issues and develops novel strategies that outperform prior proposals by a large margin. Our main contributions are new, principled, scheduling methods based on a Knapsack-related optimization for sequential accesses and a cost model for random accesses. The methods can be further boosted by harnessing probabilistic estimators for scores, selectivities, and index list correlations. We also discuss efficient implementation techniques for the underlying data structures. In performance experiments with three different datasets (TREC Terabyte, HTTP server logs, and IMDB), our methods achieved significant performance gains compared to the best previously known methods: a factor of up to 3 in terms of execution costs, and a factor of 5 in terms of absolute run-times of our implementation. Our best techniques are close to a lower bound for the execution cost of the considered class of threshold algorithms. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Langer, Torsten %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Mean value coordinates for arbitrary spherical polygons and polyhedra in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-671C-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-010 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 19 p. %X Since their introduction, mean value coordinates enjoy ever increasing popularity in computer graphics and computational mathematics because they exhibit a variety of good properties. Most importantly, they are defined in the whole plane which allows interpolation and extrapolation without restrictions. Recently, mean value coordinates were generalized to spheres and to $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. We show that these spherical and 3D mean value coordinates are well-defined on the whole sphere and the whole space $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, respectively. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Yoshizawa, Shin %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Skeleton-driven Laplacian Mesh Deformations : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-67FF-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 37 p. %X In this report, a new free-form shape deformation approach is proposed. We combine a skeleton-driven mesh deformation technique with discrete differential coordinates in order to create natural-looking global shape deformations. Given a triangle mesh, we first extract a skeletal mesh, a two-sided Voronoi-based approximation of the medial axis. Next the skeletal mesh is modified by free-form deformations. Then a desired global shape deformation is obtained by reconstructing the shape corresponding to the deformed skeletal mesh. The reconstruction is based on using discrete differential coordinates. Our method preserves fine geometric details and original shape thickness because of using discrete differential coordinates and skeleton-driven deformations. We also develop a new mesh evolution technique which allow us to eliminate possible global and local self-intersections of the deformed mesh while preserving fine geometric details. Finally, we present a multiresolution version of our approach in order to simplify and accelerate the deformation process. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Bender, Matthias %A Michel, Sebastian %A Weikum, Gerhard %A Triantafilou, Peter %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Overlap-aware global df estimation in distributed information retrieval systems : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6719-8 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-5-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 25 p. %X Peer-to-Peer (P2P) search engines and other forms of distributed information retrieval (IR) are gaining momentum. Unlike in centralized IR, it is difficult and expensive to compute statistical measures about the entire document collection as it is widely distributed across many computers in a highly dynamic network. On the other hand, such network-wide statistics, most notably, global document frequencies of the individual terms, would be highly beneficial for ranking global search results that are compiled from different peers. This paper develops an efficient and scalable method for estimating global document frequencies in a large-scale, highly dynamic P2P network with autonomous peers. The main difficulty that is addressed in this paper is that the local collections of different peers may arbitrarily overlap, as many peers may choose to gather popular documents that fall into their specific interest profile. Our method is based on hash sketches as an underlying technique for compact data synopses, and exploits specific properties of hash sketches for duplicate elimination in the counting process. We report on experiments with real Web data that demonstrate the accuracy of our estimation method and also the benefit for better search result ranking. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Ebert, Franziska %A Kettner, Lutz %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Definition of File Format for Benchmark Instances for Arrangements of Quadrics : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E509-E %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2006

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Ebert, Franziska %A Fogel, Efi %A Kettner, Lutz %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Web-site with Benchmark Instances for Planar Curve Arrangements : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E515-1 %Y University of Groningen %C Groningen, The Netherlands %D 2006

%0 Report %A de Aguiar, Edilson %A Zayer, Rhaleb %A Theobalt, Christian %A Magnor, Marcus A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Graphics - Optics - Vision, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A framework for natural animation of digitized models : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-680B-F %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 27 p. %X We present a novel versatile, fast and simple framework to generate highquality animations of scanned human characters from input motion data. Our method is purely mesh-based and, in contrast to skeleton-based animation, requires only a minimum of manual interaction. The only manual step that is required to create moving virtual people is the placement of a sparse set of correspondences between triangles of an input mesh and triangles of the mesh to be animated. The proposed algorithm implicitly generates realistic body deformations, and can easily transfer motions between human erent shape and proportions. erent types of input data, e.g. other animated meshes and motion capture les, in just the same way. Finally, and most importantly, it creates animations at interactive frame rates. We feature two working prototype systems that demonstrate that our method can generate lifelike character animations from both marker-based and marker-less optical motion capture data. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Doerr, Benjamin %A Gnewuch, Michael %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Construction of Low-discrepancy Point Sets of Small Size by Bracketing Covers and Dependent Randomized Rounding : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E49F-6 %Y University Kiel %C Kiel %D 2006 %X We provide a deterministic algorithm that constructs small point sets exhibiting a low star discrepancy. The algorithm is based on bracketing and on recent results on randomized roundings respecting hard constraints. It is structurally much simpler than the previous algorithm presented for this problem in [B. Doerr, M. Gnewuch, A. Srivastav. Bounds and constructions for the star discrepancy via -covers. J. Complexity, 21: 691-709, 2005]. Besides leading to better theoretical run time bounds, our approach can be implemented with reasonable effort.

%0 Report %A Efremov, Alexander %A Mantiuk, Rafal %A Myszkowski, Karol %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Design and evaluation of backward compatible high dynamic range video compression : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6811-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 50 p. %X In this report we describe the details of the backward compatible high dynamic range (HDR) video compression algorithm. The algorithm is designed to facilitate a smooth transition from standard low dynamic range (LDR) video to high fidelity high dynamic range content. The HDR and the corresponding LDR video frames are decorrelated and then compressed into a single MPEG stream, which can be played on both existing DVD players and HDR-enabled devices. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Elbassioni, Khaled %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the Complexity of Monotone Boolean Duality Testing : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E4CA-2 %Y DIMACS %C Piscataway, NJ %D 2006 %X We show that the duality of a pair of monotone Boolean functions in disjunctive normal forms can be tested in polylogarithmic time using a quasi-polynomial number of processors. Our decomposition technique yields stronger bounds on the complexity of the problem than those currently known and also allows for generating all minimal transversals of a given hypergraph using only polynomial space.

%0 Report %A Funke, Stefan %A Klein, Christian %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Schmitt, Susanne %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Controlled Perturbation for Delaunay Triangulations : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-F72F-3 %Y Algorithms for Complex Shapes with certified topology and numerics %C Instituut voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Groningen, NETHERLANDS %D 2006

%0 Report %A Funke, Stefan %A Laue, S&#246;ren %A Naujoks, Rouven %A Zvi, Lotker %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Power assignment problems in wireless communication : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6820-E %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-1-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 25 p. %X A fundamental class of problems in wireless communication is concerned with the assignment of suitable transmission powers to wireless devices/stations such that the resulting communication graph satisfies certain desired properties and the overall energy consumed is minimized. Many concrete communication tasks in a wireless network like broadcast, multicast, point-to-point routing, creation of a communication backbone, etc. can be regarded as such a power assignment problem. This paper considers several problems of that kind; for example one problem studied before in (Vittorio Bil{\`o} et al: Geometric Clustering to Minimize the Sum of Cluster Sizes, ESA 2005) and (Helmut Alt et al.: Minimum-cost coverage of point sets by disks, SCG 2006) aims to select and assign powers to $k$ of the stations such that all other stations are within reach of at least one of the selected stations. We improve the running time for obtaining a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximate solution for this problem from $n^{((\alpha/\epsilon)^{O(d)})}$ as reported by Bil{\`o} et al. (see Vittorio Bil{\`o} et al: Geometric Clustering to Minimize the Sum of Cluster Sizes, ESA 2005) to $O\left( n+ {\left(\frac{k^{2d+1}}{\epsilon^d}\right)}^{ \min{\{\; 2k,\;\; (\alpha/\epsilon)^{O(d)} \;\}} } \right)$ that is, we obtain a running time that is \emph{linear} in the network size. Further results include a constant approximation algorithm for the TSP problem under squared (non-metric!) edge costs, which can be employed to implement a novel data aggregation protocol, as well as efficient schemes to perform $k$-hop multicasts. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Havran, Vlastimil %A Herzog, Robert %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On fast construction of spatial hierarchies for ray tracing : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6807-8 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 40 p. %X In this paper we address the problem of fast construction of spatial hierarchies for ray tracing with applications in animated environments including non-rigid animations. We discuss properties of currently used techniques with $O(N \log N)$ construction time for kd-trees and bounding volume hierarchies. Further, we propose a hybrid data structure blending between a spatial kd-tree and bounding volume primitives. We keep our novel hierarchical data structures algorithmically efficient and comparable with kd-trees by the use of a cost model based on surface area heuristics. Although the time complexity $O(N \log N)$ is a lower bound required for construction of any spatial hierarchy that corresponds to sorting based on comparisons, using approximate method based on discretization we propose a new hierarchical data structures with expected $O(N \log\log N)$ time complexity. We also discuss constants behind the construction algorithms of spatial hierarchies that are important in practice. We document the performance of our algorithms by results obtained from the implementation tested on nine different scenes. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Kasneci, Gjergji %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Yago - a core of semantic knowledge : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-670A-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-5-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 39 p. %X We present YAGO, a light-weight and extensible ontology with high coverage and quality. YAGO builds on entities and relations and currently contains roughly 900,000 entities and 5,000,000 facts. This includes the Is-A hierarchy as well as non-taxonomic relations between entities (such as relation{hasWonPrize}). The facts have been automatically extracted from the unification of Wikipedia and WordNet, using a carefully designed combination of rule-based and heuristic methods described in this paper. The resulting knowledge base is a major step beyond WordNet: in quality by adding knowledge about individuals like persons, organizations, products, etc. with their semantic relationships -- and in quantity by increasing the number of facts by more than an order of magnitude. Our empirical evaluation of fact correctness shows an accuracy of about 95%. YAGO is based on a logically clean model, which is decidable, extensible, and compatible with RDFS. Finally, we show how YAGO can be further extended by state-of-the-art information extraction techniques. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Kerber, Michael %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Division-free computation of subresultants using bezout matrices : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-681D-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-1-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 20 p. %X We present an algorithm to compute the subresultant sequence of two polynomials that completely avoids division in the ground domain, generalizing an algorithm from Abdeljaoued et al.\ (see Abdeljaoed et al.: Minors of Bezout Matrices\ldots, Int.\ J.\ of Comp.\ Math.\ 81, 2004). This is done by evaluating determinants of slightly manipulated Bezout matrices using an algorithm of Berkowitz. Experiments show that our algorithm is superior compared to pseudo-division approaches for moderate degrees if the domain contains indeterminates. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Luxenburger, Julia %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Exploiting Community Behavior for Enhanced Link Analysis and Web Search : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-BC47-9 %Y University of Paderborn, Heinz Nixdorf Institute %C Paderborn, Germany %D 2006 %X Methods for Web link analysis and authority ranking such as PageRank are based on the assumption that a user endorses a Web page when creating a hyperlink to this page. There is a wealth of additional user-behavior information that could be considered for improving authority analysis, for example, the history of queries that a user community posed to a search engine over an extended time period, or observations about which query-result pages were clicked on and which ones were not clicked on after a user saw the summary snippets of the top-10 results. This paper enhances link analysis methods by incorporating additional user assessments based on query logs and click streams, including negative feedback when a query-result page does not satisfy the user demand or is even perceived as spam. Our methods use various novel forms of advanced Markov models whose states correspond to users and queries in addition to Web pages and whose links also reflect the relationships derived from query-result clicks, query refinements, and explicit ratings. Preliminary experiments are presented as a proof of concept.

%0 Report %A Schall, Oliver %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Feature-preserving non-local denoising of static and time-varying range data : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-673D-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 22 p. %X We present a novel algorithm for accurately denoising static and time-varying range data. Our approach is inspired by similarity-based non-local image filtering. We show that our proposed method is easy to implement and outperforms recent state-of-the-art filtering approaches. Furthermore, it preserves fine shape features and produces an accurate smoothing result in the spatial and along the time domain. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Suchanek, Fabian %A Ifrim, Georgiana %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Combining linguistic and statistical analysis to extract relations from web documents : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6710-9 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-5-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 37 p. %X Search engines, question answering systems and classification systems alike can greatly profit from formalized world knowledge. Unfortunately, manually compiled collections of world knowledge (such as WordNet or the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SUMO) often suffer from low coverage, high assembling costs and fast aging. In contrast, the World Wide Web provides an endless source of knowledge, assembled by millions of people, updated constantly and available for free. In this paper, we propose a novel method for learning arbitrary binary relations from natural language Web documents, without human interaction. Our system, LEILA, combines linguistic analysis and machine learning techniques to find robust patterns in the text and to generalize them. For initialization, we only require a set of examples of the target relation and a set of counterexamples (e.g. from WordNet). The architecture consists of 3 stages: Finding patterns in the corpus based on the given examples, assessing the patterns based on probabilistic confidence, and applying the generalized patterns to propose pairs for the target relation. We prove the benefits and practical viability of our approach by extensive experiments, showing that LEILA achieves consistent improvements over existing comparable techniques (e.g. Snowball, TextToOnto). %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Theobalt, Christian %A Ahmed, Naveed %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %A Magnor, Marcus A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Graphics - Optics - Vision, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Enhanced dynamic reflectometry for relightable free-viewpoint video : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-67F4-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 37 p. %X Free-Viewpoint Video of Human Actors allows photo- realistic rendering of real-world people under novel viewing conditions. Dynamic Reflectometry extends the concept of free-view point video and allows rendering in addition under novel lighting conditions. In this work, we present an enhanced method for capturing human shape and motion as well as dynamic surface reflectance properties from a sparse set of input video streams. We augment our initial method for model-based relightable free-viewpoint video in several ways. Firstly, a single-skin mesh is introduced for the continuous appearance of the model. Moreover an algorithm to detect and compensate lateral shifting of textiles in order to improve temporal texture registration is presented. Finally, a structured resampling approach is introduced which enables reliable estimation of spatially varying surface reflectance despite a static recording setup. The new algorithm ingredients along with the Relightable 3D Video framework enables us to realistically reproduce the appearance of animated virtual actors under different lighting conditions, as well as to interchange surface attributes among different people, e.g. for virtual dressing. Our contribution can be used to create 3D renditions of real-world people under arbitrary novel lighting conditions on standard graphics hardware. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Ziegler, Gernot %A Tevs, Art %A Theobalt, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T GPU point list generation through histogram pyramids : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-680E-9 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2006-4-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2006 %P 13 p. %X Image Pyramids are frequently used in porting non-local algorithms to graphics hardware. A Histogram pyramid (short: HistoPyramid), a special version of image pyramid, sums up the number of active entries in a 2D image hierarchically. We show how a HistoPyramid can be utilized as an implicit indexing data structure, allowing us to convert a sparse matrix into a coordinate list of active cell entries (a point list) on graphics hardware . The algorithm reduces a highly sparse matrix with N elements to a list of its M active entries in O(N) + M (log N) steps, despite the restricted graphics hardware architecture. Applications are numerous, including feature detection, pixel classification and binning, conversion of 3D volumes to particle clouds and sparse matrix compression. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Baswana, Surender %A Telikepalli, Kavitha %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Improved algorithms for all-pairs approximate shortest paths in weighted graphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6854-9 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-1-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 26 p. %X The all-pairs approximate shortest-paths problem is an interesting variant of the classical all-pairs shortest-paths problem in graphs. The problem aims at building a data-structure for a given graph with the following two features. Firstly, for any two vertices, it should report an {\emph{approximate}} shortest path between them, that is, a path which is longer than the shortest path by some {\emph{small}} factor. Secondly, the data-structure should require less preprocessing time (strictly sub-cubic) and occupy optimal space (sub-quadratic), at the cost of this approximation. In this paper, we present algorithms for computing all-pairs approximate shortest paths in a weighted undirected graph. These algorithms significantly improve the existing results for this problem. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Dementiev, Roman %A Kettner, Lutz %A Sanders, Peter %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T STXXL: Standard Template Library for XXL Data Sets : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-E689-4 %Y Fakult&#228;t f&#252;r Informatik, University of Karlsruhe %C Karlsruhe, Germany %D 2005

%0 Report %A Fuchs, Christian %A G&#246;sele, Michael %A Chen, Tongbo %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T An emperical model for heterogeneous translucent objects : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-682F-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-4-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 20 p. %X We introduce an empirical model for multiple scattering in heterogeneous translucent objects for which classical approximations such as the dipole approximation to the di usion equation are no longer valid. Motivated by the exponential fall-o of scattered intensity with distance, di use subsurface scattering is represented as a sum of exponentials per surface point plus a modulation texture. Modeling quality can be improved by using an anisotropic model where exponential parameters are determined per surface location and scattering direction. We validate the scattering model for a set of planar object samples which were recorded under controlled conditions and quantify the modeling error. Furthermore, several translucent objects with complex geometry are captured and compared to the real object under similar illumination conditions. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Fuchs, Martin %A Blanz, Volker %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Reflectance from images: a model-based approach for human faces : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-683F-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-4-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 33 p. %X In this paper, we present an image-based framework that acquires the reflectance properties of a human face. A range scan of the face is not required. Based on a morphable face model, the system estimates the 3D shape, and establishes point-to-point correspondence across images taken from different viewpoints, and across different individuals' faces. This provides a common parameterization of all reconstructed surfaces that can be used to compare and transfer BRDF data between different faces. Shape estimation from images compensates deformations of the face during the measurement process, such as facial expressions. In the common parameterization, regions of homogeneous materials on the face surface can be defined a-priori. We apply analytical BRDF models to express the reflectance properties of each region, and we estimate their parameters in a least-squares fit from the image data. For each of the surface points, the diffuse component of the BRDF is locally refined, which provides high detail. We present results for multiple analytical BRDF models, rendered at novelorientations and lighting conditions. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Gotsman, Craig %A Kaligosi, Kanela %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Michail, Dimitrios %A Pyrga, Evangelia %+ External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Cycle bases of graphs and sampled manifolds : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-684C-E %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-1-008 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 30 p. %X Point samples of a surface in $\R^3$ are the dominant output of a multitude of 3D scanning devices. The usefulness of these devices rests on being able to extract properties of the surface from the sample. We show that, under certain sampling conditions, the minimum cycle basis of a nearest neighbor graph of the sample encodes topological information about the surface and yields bases for the trivial and non-trivial loops of the surface. We validate our results by experiments. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Katriel, Irit %A Kutz, Martin %A Skutella, Martin %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Reachability substitutes for planar digraphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6859-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-1-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 24 p. %X Given a digraph $G = (V,E)$ with a set $U$ of vertices marked ``interesting,'' we want to find a smaller digraph $\RS{} = (V',E')$ with $V' \supseteq U$ in such a way that the reachabilities amongst those interesting vertices in $G$ and \RS{} are the same. So with respect to the reachability relations within $U$, the digraph \RS{} is a substitute for $G$. We show that while almost all graphs do not have reachability substitutes smaller than $\Ohmega(|U|^2/\log |U|)$, every planar graph has a reachability substitute of size $\Oh(|U| \log^2 |U|)$. Our result rests on two new structural results for planar dags, a separation procedure and a reachability theorem, which might be of independent interest. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Katriel, Irit %A Kutz, Martin %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A faster algorithm for computing a longest common increasing subsequence : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-684F-8 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-1-007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 13 p. %X Let $A=\langle a_1,\dots,a_n\rangle$ and $B=\langle b_1,\dots,b_m \rangle$ be two sequences with $m \ge n$, whose elements are drawn from a totally ordered set. We present an algorithm that finds a longest common increasing subsequence of $A$ and $B$ in $O(m\log m+n\ell\log n)$ time and $O(m + n\ell)$ space, where $\ell$ is the length of the output. A previous algorithm by Yang et al. needs $\Theta(mn)$ time and space, so ours is faster for a wide range of values of $m,n$ and $\ell$. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Krawczyk, Grzegorz %A G&#246;sele, Michael %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Photometric calibration of high dynamic range cameras : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6834-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-4-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 21 p. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Langer, Torsten %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Analysis and design of discrete normals and curvatures : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6837-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 42 p. %X Accurate estimations of geometric properties of a surface (a curve) from its discrete approximation are important for many computer graphics and computer vision applications. To assess and improve the quality of such an approximation we assume that the smooth surface (curve) is known in general form. Then we can represent the surface (curve) by a Taylor series expansion and compare its geometric properties with the corresponding discrete approximations. In turn we can either prove convergence of these approximations towards the true properties as the edge lengths tend to zero, or we can get hints how to eliminate the error. In this report we propose and study discrete schemes for estimating the curvature and torsion of a smooth 3D curve approximated by a polyline. Thereby we make some interesting findings about connections between (smooth) classical curves and certain estimation schemes for polylines. Furthermore, we consider several popular schemes for estimating the surface normal of a dense triangle mesh interpolating a smooth surface, and analyze their asymptotic properties. Special attention is paid to the mean curvature vector, that approximates both, normal direction and mean curvature. We evaluate a common discrete approximation and show how asymptotic analysis can be used to improve it. It turns out that the integral formulation of the mean curvature \begin{equation*} H = \frac{1}{2 \pi} \int_0^{2 \pi} \kappa(\phi) d\phi, \end{equation*} can be computed by an exact quadrature formula. The same is true for the integral formulations of Gaussian curvature and the Taubin tensor. The exact quadratures are then used to obtain reliable estimates of the curvature tensor of a smooth surface approximated by a dense triangle mesh. The proposed method is fast and often demonstrates a better performance than conventional curvature tensor estimation approaches. We also show that the curvature tensor approximated by our approach converges towards the true curvature tensor as the edge lengths tend to zero. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Michail, Dimitrios %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Rank-maximal through maximum weight matchings : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-685C-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-1-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 22 p. %X Given a bipartite graph $G( V, E)$, $ V = A \disjointcup B$ where $|V|=n, |E|=m$ and a partition of the edge set into $r \le m$ disjoint subsets $E = E_1 \disjointcup E_2 \disjointcup \dots \disjointcup E_r$, which are called ranks, the {\em rank-maximal matching} problem is to find a matching $M$ of $G$ such that $|M \cap E_1|$ is maximized and given that $|M \cap E_2|$, and so on. Such a problem arises as an optimization criteria over a possible assignment of a set of applicants to a set of posts. The matching represents the assignment and the ranks on the edges correspond to a ranking on the posts submitted by the applicants. The rank-maximal matching problem has been previously studied where a $O( r \sqrt n m )$ time and linear space algorithm~\cite{IKMMP} was presented. In this paper we present a new simpler algorithm which matches the running time and space complexity of the above algorithm. The new algorithm is based on a different approach, by exploiting that the rank-maximal matching problem can be reduced to a maximum weight matching problem where the weight of an edge of rank $i$ is $2^{ \ceil{\log n} (r-i)}$. By exploiting that these edge weights are steeply distributed we design a scaling algorithm which scales by a factor of $n$ in each phase. We also show that in each phase one maximum cardinality computation is sufficient to get a new optimal solution. This algorithm answers an open question raised on the same paper on whether the reduction to the maximum-weight matching problem can help us derive an efficient algorithm. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Schall, Oliver %A Belyaev, Alexander %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Sparse meshing of uncertain and noisy surface scattered data : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-683C-1 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-4-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 20 p. %X In this paper, we develop a method for generating a high-quality approximation of a noisy set of points sampled from a smooth surface by a sparse triangle mesh. The main idea of the method consists of defining an appropriate set of approximation centers and use them as the vertices of a mesh approximating given scattered data. To choose the approximation centers, a clustering procedure is used. With every point of the input data we associate a local uncertainty measure which is used to estimate the importance of the point contribution to the reconstructed surface. Then a global uncertainty measure is constructed from local ones. The approximation centers are chosen as the points where the global uncertainty measure attains its local minima. It allows us to achieve a high-quality approximation of uncertain and noisy point data by a sparse mesh. An interesting feature of our approach is that the uncertainty measures take into account the normal directions estimated at the scattered points. In particular it results in accurate reconstruction of high-curvature regions. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Siersdorfer, Stefan %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Automated retraining methods for document classification and their parameter tuning : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6823-8 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2005-5-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2005 %P 23 p. %X This paper addresses the problem of semi-supervised classification on document collections using retraining (also called self-training). A possible application is focused Web crawling which may start with very few, manually selected, training documents but can be enhanced by automatically adding initially unlabeled, positively classified Web pages for retraining. Such an approach is by itself not robust and faces tuning problems regarding parameters like the number of selected documents, the number of retraining iterations, and the ratio of positive and negative classified samples used for retraining. The paper develops methods for automatically tuning these parameters, based on predicting the leave-one-out error for a re-trained classifier and avoiding that the classifier is diluted by selecting too many or weak documents for retraining. Our experiments with three different datasets confirm the practical viability of the approach. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Theobalt, Christian %A Ahmed, Naveed %A de Aguiar, Edilson %A Ziegler, Gernot %A Lensch, Hendrik %A Magnor, Marcus %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Programming Logics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Graphics - Optics - Vision, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Joint Motion and Reflectance Capture for Creating Relightable 3D Videos : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2879-B %F EDOC: 520731 %F OTHER: Local-ID: C1256BDE005F57A8-5B757D3AA9584EEBC12570A7003C813D-TheobaltTR2005 %D 2005 %X \begin{abstract} Passive optical motion capture is able to provide authentically animated, photo-realistically and view-dependently textured models of real people. To import real-world characters into virtual environments, however, also surface reflectance properties must be known. We describe a video-based modeling approach that captures human motion as well as reflectance characteristics from a handful of synchronized video recordings. The presented method is able to recover spatially varying reflectance properties of clothes % dynamic objects ? by exploiting the time-varying orientation of each surface point with respect to camera and light direction. The resulting model description enables us to match animated subject appearance to different lighting conditions, as well as to interchange surface attributes among different people, e.g. for virtual dressing. Our contribution allows populating virtual worlds with correctly relit, real-world people.\\ \end{abstract}

%0 Report %A Beldiceanu, Nicolas %A Katriel, Irit %A Thiel, Sven %+ Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Filtering algorithms for the Same and UsedBy constraints : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-290C-C %F EDOC: 237881 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 33 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Eigenwillig, Arno %A Hemmer, Michael %A Hert, Susan %A Kettner, Lutz %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Reichel, Joachim %A Schmitt, Susanne %A Sch&#246;mer, Elmar %A Weber, Dennis %A Wolpert, Nicola %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T EXACUS : Efficient and Exact Algorithms for Curves and Surfaces : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B89-6 %F EDOC: 237751 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 8 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Berberich, Eric %A Eigenwillig, Arno %A Emiris, Ioannis %A Fogel, Efraim %A Hemmer, Michael %A Halperin, Dan %A Kakargias, Athanasios %A Kettner, Lutz %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Pion, Sylvain %A Sch&#246;mer, Elmar %A Teillaud, Monique %A Wein, Ron %A Wolpert, Nicola %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T An empirical comparison of software for constructing arrangements of curved arcs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B87-A %F EDOC: 237743 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 11 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Chandran, L. Sunil %A Sivadasan, N. %+ Discrete Optimization, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the Hadwiger's Conjecture for Graphs Products : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-001A-0C8F-A %@ 0946-011X %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken, Germany %D 2004 %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Chandran, L. Sunil %A Sivadasan, Naveen %+ Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the Hadwiger's conjecture for graph products : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2BA6-4 %F EDOC: 241593 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 10 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Dmitriev, Kirill %A Havran, Vlastimil %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Faster ray tracing with SIMD shaft culling : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28BB-A %F EDOC: 237860 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 13 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Funke, Stefan %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Schmitt, Susanne %A Burnikel, Christoph %A Fleischer, Rudolf %A Schirra, Stefan %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T The LEDA class real number - extended version : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B8C-F %F EDOC: 237780 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 2 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Haber, J&#246;rg %A Schmitt, Carina %A Koster, Martin %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Modeling hair using a wisp hair model : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28F6-4 %F EDOC: 237864 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 38 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Hemmer, Michael %A Kettner, Lutz %A Sch&#246;mer, Elmar %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Effects of a modular filter on geometric applications : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B8F-9 %F EDOC: 237782 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 7 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Ivrissimtzis, Ioannis %A Jeong, Won-Ki %A Lee, Seungyong %A Lee, Yunjin %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Neural meshes: surface reconstruction with a learning algorithm : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28C9-A %F EDOC: 237862 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 16 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Katriel, Irit %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On algorithms for online topological ordering and sorting : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2906-7 %F EDOC: 237878 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 12 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Kettner, Lutz %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %A Pion, Sylvain %A Schirra, Stefan %A Yap, Chee %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Classroom examples of robustness problems in geometric computations : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B92-0 %F EDOC: 237797 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 12 p. %B ECG Technical Report %N 3221

%0 Report %A Klein, Christian %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A fast root checking algorithm : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B96-8 %F EDOC: 237826 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 11 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Krandick, Werner %A Mehlhorn, Kurt %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T New bounds for the Descartes method : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B99-2 %F EDOC: 237829 %Y Drexel University %C Philadelphia, Pa. %D 2004 %P 18 p. %B Drexel University / Department of Computer Science:Technical Report

%0 Report %A Sanders, Peter %A Pettie, Seth %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A simpler linear time 2/3-epsilon approximation : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2909-1 %F EDOC: 237880 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 7 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Sanders, Peter %A Pettie, Seth %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A simpler linear time 2/3 - epsilon approximation for maximum weight matching : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6862-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2004-1-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 10 p. %X We present two $\twothirds - \epsilon$ approximation algorithms for the maximum weight matching problem that run in time $O(m\log\frac{1}{\epsilon})$. We give a simple and practical randomized algorithm and a somewhat more complicated deterministic algorithm. Both algorithms are exponentially faster in terms of $\epsilon$ than a recent algorithm by Drake and Hougardy. We also show that our algorithms can be generalized to find a $1-\epsilon$ approximatation to the maximum weight matching, for any $\epsilon>0$. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Schmitt, Susanne %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Common subexpression search in LEDA_reals : a study of the diamond-operator : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B9C-B %F EDOC: 237830 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 5 p. %B ECG Technical Report

%0 Report %A Schmitt, Susanne %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Improved separation bounds for the diamond operator : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-2B9F-5 %F EDOC: 237831 %Y INRIA %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2004 %Z name of event: Untitled Event %Z date of event: - %Z place of event: %P 13 p. %B ECG Techical Report

%0 Report %A Schmitt, Susanne %A Fousse, Laurent %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A comparison of polynomial evaluation schemes : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28EC-B %F EDOC: 237875 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 16 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Siersdorfer, Stefan %A Sizov, Sergej %A Weikum, Gerhard %+ Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Databases and Information Systems, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Goal-oriented methods and meta methods for document classification and their parameter tuning : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28F3-A %F EDOC: 237842 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 36 p. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Sivadasan, Naveen %A Sanders, Peter %A Skutella, Martin %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On scheduling with bounded migration : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28F9-D %F EDOC: 237877 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 22 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Sivadasan, Naveen %A Sanders, Peter %A Skutella, Martin %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Online scheduling with bounded migration : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-685F-4 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2004-1-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 21 p. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Zayer, Rhaleb %A R&#246;ssl, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T r-Adaptive parameterization of surfaces : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000F-28E9-2 %F EDOC: 237863 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2004 %P 10 p. %B Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik <Saarbr&#252;cken>: Research Report

%0 Report %A Althaus, Ernst %A Polzin, Tobias %A Daneshmand, Siavash %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Improving linear programming approaches for the Steiner tree problem : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6BB9-F %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 19 p. %X We present two theoretically interesting and empirically successful techniques for improving the linear programming approaches, namely graph transformation and local cuts, in the context of the Steiner problem. We show the impact of these techniques on the solution of the largest benchmark instances ever solved. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Beier, Ren&#233; %A V&#246;cking, Berthold %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Random knapsack in expected polynomial time : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6BBC-9 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 22 p. %X In this paper, we present the first average-case analysis proving an expected polynomial running time for an exact algorithm for the 0/1 knapsack problem. In particular, we prove, for various input distributions, that the number of {\em dominating solutions\/} (i.e., Pareto-optimal knapsack fillings) to this problem is polynomially bounded in the number of available items. An algorithm by Nemhauser and Ullmann can enumerate these solutions very efficiently so that a polynomial upper bound on the number of dominating solutions implies an algorithm with expected polynomial running time. The random input model underlying our analysis is very general and not restricted to a particular input distribution. We assume adversarial weights and randomly drawn profits (or vice versa). Our analysis covers general probability distributions with finite mean, and, in its most general form, can even handle different probability distributions for the profits of different items. This feature enables us to study the effects of correlations between profits and weights. Our analysis confirms and explains practical studies showing that so-called strongly correlated instances are harder to solve than weakly correlated ones. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Bekaert, Philippe %A Slusallek, Philipp %A Cools, Ronald %A Havran, Vlastimil %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Cluster of Excellence Multimodal Computing and Interaction External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A custom designed density estimation method for light transport : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6922-2 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-4-004 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 28 p. %X We present a new Monte Carlo method for solving the global illumination problem in environments with general geometry descriptions and light emission and scattering properties. Current Monte Carlo global illumination algorithms are based on generic density estimation techniques that do not take into account any knowledge about the nature of the data points --- light and potential particle hit points --- from which a global illumination solution is to be reconstructed. We propose a novel estimator, especially designed for solving linear integral equations such as the rendering equation. The resulting single-pass global illumination algorithm promises to combine the flexibility and robustness of bi-directional path tracing with the efficiency of algorithms such as photon mapping. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Chandran Leela, Sunil %A Subramanian, C. R. %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Girth and treewidth : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6868-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-NWG2-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 11 p. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Csaba, Bela %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the Bollob\'as -- Eldridge conjecture for bipartite graphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B3A-F %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 29 p. %X Let $G$ be a simple graph on $n$ vertices. A conjecture of Bollob\'as and Eldridge~\cite{be78} asserts that if $\delta (G)\ge {kn-1 \over k+1}$ then $G$ contains any $n$ vertex graph $H$ with $\Delta(H) = k$. We strengthen this conjecture: we prove that if $H$ is bipartite, $3 \le \Delta(H)$ is bounded and $n$ is sufficiently large , then there exists $\beta >0$ such that if $\delta (G)\ge {\Delta \over {\Delta +1}}(1-\beta)n$, then $H \subset G$. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Dietzfelbinger, Martin %A Tamaki, Hisao %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T On the probability of rendezvous in graphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B83-7 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 30 p. %X In a simple graph $G$ without isolated nodes the following random experiment is carried out: each node chooses one of its neighbors uniformly at random. We say a rendezvous occurs if there are adjacent nodes $u$ and $v$ such that $u$ chooses $v$ and $v$ chooses $u$; the probability that this happens is denoted by $s(G)$. M{\'e}tivier \emph{et al.} (2000) asked whether it is true that $s(G)\ge s(K_n)$ for all $n$-node graphs $G$, where $K_n$ is the complete graph on $n$ nodes. We show that this is the case. Moreover, we show that evaluating $s(G)$ for a given graph $G$ is a \numberP-complete problem, even if only $d$-regular graphs are considered, for any $d\ge5$. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Dietzfelbinger, Martin %A Woelfel, Philipp %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations %T Almost random graphs with simple hash functions : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6BB3-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 23 p. %X We describe a simple randomized construction for generating pairs of hash functions h_1,h_2 from a universe U to ranges V=[m]={0,1,...,m-1} and W=[m] so that for every key set S\subseteq U with n=|S| <= m/(1+epsilon) the (random) bipartite (multi)graph with node set V + W and edge set {(h_1(x),h_2(x)) | x in S} exhibits a structure that is essentially random. The construction combines d-wise independent classes for d a relatively small constant with the well-known technique of random offsets. While keeping the space needed to store the description of h_1 and h_2 at O(n^zeta), for zeta<1 fixed arbitrarily, we obtain a much smaller (constant) evaluation time than previous constructions of this kind, which involved Siegel's high-performance hash classes. The main new technique is the combined analysis of the graph structure and the inner structure of the hash functions, as well as a new way of looking at the cycle structure of random (multi)graphs. The construction may be applied to improve on Pagh and Rodler's ``cuckoo hashing'' (2001), to obtain a simpler and faster alternative to a recent construction of "Ostlin and Pagh (2002/03) for simulating uniform hashing on a key set S, and to the simulation of shared memory on distributed memory machines. We also describe a novel way of implementing (approximate) d-wise independent hashing without using polynomials. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Fogel, Efi %A Halperin, Dan %A Wein, Ron %A Teillaud, Monique %A Berberich, Eric %A Eigenwillig, Arno %A Hert, Susan %A Kettner, Lutz %+ External Organizations External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Specification of the Traits Classes for CGAL Arrangements of Curves : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-B4C6-5 %Y INRIA %C Sophia-Antipolis %D 2003 %B Technical Report

%0 Report %A Hangelbroek, Thomas %A N&#252;rnberger, G&#252;nther %A R&#246;ssl, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %A Zeilfelder, Frank %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T The dimension of $C^1$ splines of arbitrary degree on a tetrahedral partition : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6887-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-4-005 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 39 p. %X We consider the linear space of piecewise polynomials in three variables which are globally smooth, i.e., trivariate $C^1$ splines. The splines are defined on a uniform tetrahedral partition $\Delta$, which is a natural generalization of the four-directional mesh. By using Bernstein-B{\&#180;e}zier techniques, we establish formulae for the dimension of the $C^1$ splines of arbitrary degree. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Katriel, Irit %A Thiel, Sven %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Fast bound consistency for the global cardinality constraint : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B1F-D %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-013 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 30 p. %X We show an algorithm for bound consistency of {\em global cardinality constraints}, which runs in time $O(n+n')$ plus the time required to sort the assignment variables by range endpoints, where $n$ is the number of assignment variables and $n'$ is the number of values in the union of their ranges. We thus offer a fast alternative to R\'egin's arc consistency algorithm~\cite{Regin} which runs in time $O(n^{3/2}n')$ and space $O(n\cdot n')$. Our algorithm also achieves bound consistency for the number of occurrences of each value, which has not been done before. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Kov&#225;cs, Annamaria %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Sum-Multicoloring on paths : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B18-C %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-015 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 20 p. %X The question, whether the preemptive Sum Multicoloring (pSMC) problem is hard on paths was raised by Halldorsson et al. ["Multi-coloring trees", Information and Computation, 180(2):113-129,2002]. The pSMC problem is a scheduling problem where the pairwise conflicting jobs are represented by a conflict graph, and the time lengths of jobs by integer weights on the nodes. The goal is to schedule the jobs so that the sum of their finishing times is minimized. In the paper we give an O(n^3p) time algorithm for the pSMC problem on paths, where n is the number of nodes and p is the largest time length. The result easily carries over to cycles. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Krysta, Piotr %A Czumaj, Artur %A V&#246;cking, Berthold %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Selfish traffic allocation for server farms : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B33-E %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-011 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 43 p. %X We study the price of selfish routing in non-cooperative networks like the Internet. In particular, we investigate the price of selfish routing using the coordination ratio and other (e.g., bicriteria) measures in the recently introduced game theoretic network model of Koutsoupias and Papadimitriou. We generalize this model towards general, monotone families of cost functions and cost functions from queueing theory. A summary of our main results for general, monotone cost functions is as follows. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Krysta, Piotr %A Sanders, Peter %A V&#246;cking, Berthold %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Scheduling and traffic allocation for tasks with bounded splittability : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6BD1-8 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 15 p. %X We investigate variants of the well studied problem of scheduling tasks on uniformly related machines to minimize the makespan. In the $k$-splittable scheduling problem each task can be broken into at most $k \ge 2$ pieces each of which has to be assigned to a different machine. In the slightly more general SAC problem each task $j$ comes with its own splittability parameter $k_j$, where we assume $k_j \ge 2$. These problems are known to be $\npc$-hard and, hence, previous research mainly focuses on approximation algorithms. Our motivation to study these scheduling problems is traffic allocation for server farms based on a variant of the Internet Domain Name Service (DNS) that uses a stochastic splitting of request streams. Optimal solutions for the $k$-splittable scheduling problem yield optimal solutions for this traffic allocation problem. Approximation ratios, however, do not translate from one problem to the other because of non-linear latency functions. In fact, we can prove that the traffic allocation problem with standard latency functions from Queueing Theory cannot be approximated in polynomial time within any finite factor because of the extreme behavior of these functions. Because of the inapproximability, we turn our attention to fixed-parameter tractable algorithms. Our main result is a polynomial time algorithm computing an exact solution for the $k$-splittable scheduling problem as well as the SAC problem for any fixed number of machines. The running time of our algorithm increases exponentially with the number of machines but is only linear in the number of tasks. This result is the first proof that bounded splittability reduces the complexity of scheduling as the unsplittable scheduling is known to be $\npc$-hard already for two machines. Furthermore, since our algorithm solves the scheduling problem exactly, it also solves the traffic allocation problem that motivated our study. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A R&#246;ssl, Christian %A Zeilfelder, Frank %A N&#252;rnberger, G&#252;nther %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Visualization of volume data with quadratic super splines : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6AE8-D %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2004-4-006 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 15 p. %X We develop a new approach to reconstruct non-discrete models from gridded volume samples. As a model, we use quadratic, trivariate super splines on a uniform tetrahedral partition $\Delta$. The approximating splines are determined in a natural and completely symmetric way by averaging local data samples such that appropriate smoothness conditions are automatically satisfied. On each tetrahedron of $\Delta$ , the spline is a polynomial of total degree two which provides several advantages including the e cient computation, evaluation and visualization of the model. We apply Bernstein-B{\&#180;e}zier techniques wellknown in Computer Aided Geometric Design to compute and evaluate the trivariate spline and its gradient. With this approach the volume data can be visualized e ciently e.g. with isosurface ray-casting. Along an arbitrary ray the splines are univariate, piecewise quadratics and thus the exact intersection for a prescribed isovalue can be easily determined in an analytic and exact way. Our results confirm the e ciency of the method and demonstrate a high visual quality for rendered isosurfaces. %B Research Report

%0 Report %A Sanders, Peter %A Dementiev, Roman %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Asynchronous parallel disk sorting : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6C80-5 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 22 p. %X We develop an algorithm for parallel disk sorting, whose I/O cost approaches the lower bound and that guarantees almost perfect overlap between I/O and computation. Previous algorithms have either suboptimal I/O volume or cannot guarantee that I/O and computations can always be overlapped. We give an efficient implementation that can (at least) compete with the best practical implementations but gives additional performance guarantees. For the experiments we have configured a state of the art machine that can sustain full bandwidth I/O with eight disks and is very cost effective. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sanders, Peter %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Polynomial time algorithms for network information flow : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B4A-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-008 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 18 p. %X The famous max-flow min-cut theorem states that a source node $s$ can send information through a network (V,E) to a sink node t at a rate determined by the min-cut separating s and t. Recently it has been shown that this rate can also be achieved for multicasting to several sinks provided that the intermediate nodes are allowed to reencode the information they receive. We give polynomial time algorithms for solving this problem. We additionally underline the potential benefit of coding by showing that multicasting without coding sometimes only allows a rate that is a factor Omega(log |V|) smaller. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sch&#228;fer, Guido %A Leonardi, Stefano %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Cross-monotonic cost sharing methods for connected facility location games : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B12-7 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-017 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 10 p. %X We present cost sharing methods for connected facility location games that are cross-monotonic, competitive, and recover a constant fraction of the cost of the constructed solution. The novelty of this paper is that we use randomized algorithms, and that we share the expected cost among the participating users. As a consequence, our cost sharing methods are simple, and achieve attractive approximation ratios for various NP-hard problems. We also provide a primal-dual cost sharing method for the connected facility location game with opening costs. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sch&#228;fer, Guido %A Sivadasan, Naveen %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Topology matters: smoothed competitive analysis of metrical task systems : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B15-1 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-016 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 28 p. %X We consider online problems that can be modeled as \emph{metrical task systems}: An online algorithm resides in a graph $G$ of $n$ nodes and may move in this graph at a cost equal to the distance. The algorithm has to service a sequence of \emph{tasks} that arrive online; each task specifies for each node a \emph{request cost} that is incurred if the algorithm services the task in this particular node. The objective is to minimize the total request cost plus the total travel cost. Several important online problems can be modeled as metrical task systems. Borodin, Linial and Saks \cite{BLS92} presented a deterministic \emph{work function algorithm} (WFA) for metrical task systems having a tight competitive ratio of $2n-1$. However, the competitive ratio often is an over-pessimistic estimation of the true performance of an online algorithm. In this paper, we present a \emph{smoothed competitive analysis} of WFA. Given an adversarial task sequence, we smoothen the request costs by means of a symmetric additive smoothing model and analyze the competitive ratio of WFA on the smoothed task sequence. Our analysis reveals that the smoothed competitive ratio of WFA is much better than $O(n)$ and that it depends on several topological parameters of the underlying graph $G$, such as the minimum edge length $U_{\min}$, the maximum degree $D$, and the edge diameter $diam$. Assuming that the ratio between the maximum and the minimum edge length of $G$ is bounded by a constant, the smoothed competitive ratio of WFA becomes $O(diam (U_{\min}/\sigma + \log(D)))$ and $O(\sqrt{n \cdot (U_{\min}/\sigma + \log(D))})$, where $\sigma$ denotes the standard deviation of the smoothing distribution. For example, already for perturbations with $\sigma = \Theta(U_{\min})$ the competitive ratio reduces to $O(\log n)$ on a clique and to $O(\sqrt{n})$ on a line. We also prove that for a large class of graphs these bounds are asymptotically tight. Furthermore, we provide two lower bounds for any arbitrary graph. We obtain a better bound of $O(\beta \cdot (U_{\min}/\psigma + \log(D)))$ on the smoothed competitive ratio of WFA if each adversarial task contains at most $\beta$ non-zero entries. Our analysis holds for various probability distributions, including the uniform and the normal distribution. We also provide the first average case analysis of WFA. We prove that WFA has $O(\log(D))$ expected competitive ratio if the request costs are chosen randomly from an arbitrary non-increasing distribution with standard deviation. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sch&#228;fer, Guido %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A note on the smoothed complexity of the single-source shortest path problem : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B0D-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-018 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 8 p. %X Banderier, Beier and Mehlhorn showed that the single-source shortest path problem has smoothed complexity $O(m+n(K-k))$ if the edge costs are $K$-bit integers and the last $k$ least significant bits are perturbed randomly. Their analysis holds if each bit is set to $0$ or $1$ with probability $\frac{1}{2}$. We extend their result and show that the same analysis goes through for a large class of probability distributions: We prove a smoothed complexity of $O(m+n(K-k))$ if the last $k$ bits of each edge cost are replaced by some random number chosen from $[0, \dots, 2^k-1]$ according to some \emph{arbitrary} probability distribution $\pdist$ whose expectation is not too close to zero. We do not require that the edge costs are perturbed independently. The same time bound holds even if the random perturbations are heterogeneous. If $k=K$ our analysis implies a linear average case running time for various probability distributions. We also show that the running time is $O(m+n(K-k))$ with high probability if the random replacements are chosen independently. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Sch&#228;fer, Guido %A Becchetti, Luca %A Leonardi, Stefano %A Marchetti-Spaccamela, Alberto %A Vredeveld, Tjark %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations External Organizations %T Average case and smoothed competitive analysis of the multi-level feedback algorithm : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B1C-4 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-014 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 31 p. %X In this paper we introduce the notion of smoothed competitive analysis of online algorithms. Smoothed analysis has been proposed by Spielman and Teng [\emph{Smoothed analysis of algorithms: Why the simplex algorithm usually takes polynomial time}, STOC, 2001] to explain the behaviour of algorithms that work well in practice while performing very poorly from a worst case analysis point of view. We apply this notion to analyze the Multi-Level Feedback (MLF) algorithm to minimize the total flow time on a sequence of jobs released over time when the processing time of a job is only known at time of completion. The initial processing times are integers in the range $[1,2^K]$. We use a partial bit randomization model, where the initial processing times are smoothened by changing the $k$ least significant bits under a quite general class of probability distributions. We show that MLF admits a smoothed competitive ratio of $O((2^k/\sigma)^3 + (2^k/\sigma)^2 2^{K-k})$, where $\sigma$ denotes the standard deviation of the distribution. In particular, we obtain a competitive ratio of $O(2^{K-k})$ if $\sigma = \Theta(2^k)$. We also prove an $\Omega(2^{K-k})$ lower bound for any deterministic algorithm that is run on processing times smoothened according to the partial bit randomization model. For various other smoothening models, including the additive symmetric smoothening model used by Spielman and Teng, we give a higher lower bound of $\Omega(2^K)$. A direct consequence of our result is also the first average case analysis of MLF. We show a constant expected ratio of the total flow time of MLF to the optimum under several distributions including the uniform distribution. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Schmitt, Susanne %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T The Diamond Operator for Real Algebraic Numbers : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-EBB1-B %Y Effective Computational Geometry for Curves and Surfaces %C Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE %D 2003 %X Real algebraic numbers are real roots of polynomials with integral coefficients. They can be represented as expressions whose leaves are integers and whose internal nodes are additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, k-th root operations for integral k, or taking roots of polynomials whose coefficients are given by the value of subexpressions. This last operator is called the diamond operator. I explain the implementation of the diamond operator in a LEDA extension package.

%0 Report %A Tamaki, Hisao %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A linear time heuristic for the branch-decomposition of planar graphs : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B37-6 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-010 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 18 p. %X Let $G$ be a biconnected planar graph given together with its planar drawing. A {\em face-vertex walk} in $G$ of length $k$ is an alternating sequence $x_0, \ldots x_k$ of vertices and faces (i.e., if $x_{i - 1}$ is a face then $x_i$ is a vertex and vice versa) such that $x_{i - 1}$ and $x_i$ are incident with each other for $1 \leq i \leq k$. For each vertex or face $x$ of $G$, let $\alpha_x$ denote the length of the shortest face-vertex walk from the outer face of $G$ to $x$. Let $\alpha_G$ denote the maximum of $\alpha_x$ over all vertices/faces $x$. We show that there always exits a branch-decomposition of $G$ with width $\alpha_G$ and that such a decomposition can be constructed in linear time. We also give experimental results, in which we compare the width of our decomposition with the optimal width and with the width obtained by some heuristics for general graphs proposed by previous researchers, on test instances used by those researchers. On 56 out of the total 59 test instances, our method gives a decomposition within additive 2 of the optimum width and on 33 instances it achieves the optimum width. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Tamaki, Hisao %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Alternating cycles contribution: a strategy of tour-merging for the traveling salesman problem : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6B66-B %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-1-007 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 22 p. %X A strategy of merging several traveling salesman tours into a better tour, called ACC (Alternating Cycles Contribution) is introduced. Two algorithms embodying this strategy for geometric instances is implemented and used to enhance Helsgaun's implementaton of his variant of the Lin-Kernighan heuristic. Experiments on the large instances in TSPLIB show that a significant improvement of performance is obtained. These algorithms were used in September 2002 to find a new best tour for the largest instance pla85900 in TSPLIB. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Tarini, Marco %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %A G&#246;sele, Michael %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T 3D acquisition of mirroring objects : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6AF5-F %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 37 p. %X Objects with mirroring optical characteristics are left out of the scope of most 3D scanning methods. We present here a new automatic acquisition approach, shape-from-distortion, that focuses on that category of objects, requires only a still camera and a color monitor, and produces range scans (plus a normal and a reflectance map) of the target. Our technique consists of two steps: first, an improved environment matte is captured for the mirroring object, using the interference of patterns with different frequencies in order to obtain sub-pixel accuracy. Then, the matte is converted into a normal and a depth map by exploiting the self coherence of a surface when integrating the normal map along different paths. The results show very high accuracy, capturing even smallest surface details. The acquired depth maps can be further processed using standard techniques to produce a complete 3D mesh of the object. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Theobalt, Christian %A Li, Ming %A Magnor, Marcus A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Graphics - Optics - Vision, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T A flexible and versatile studio for synchronized multi-view video recording : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6AF2-6 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 18 p. %X In recent years, the convergence of Computer Vision and Computer Graphics has put forth new research areas that work on scene reconstruction from and analysis of multi-view video footage. In free-viewpoint video, for example, new views of a scene are generated from an arbitrary viewpoint in real-time from a set of real multi-view input video streams. The analysis of real-world scenes from multi-view video to extract motion information or reflection models is another field of research that greatly benefits from high-quality input data. Building a recording setup for multi-view video involves a great effort on the hardware as well as the software side. The amount of image data to be processed is huge, a decent lighting and camera setup is essential for a naturalistic scene appearance and robust background subtraction, and the computing infrastructure has to enable real-time processing of the recorded material. This paper describes the recording setup for multi-view video acquisition that enables the synchronized recording of dynamic scenes from multiple camera positions under controlled conditions. The requirements to the room and their implementation in the separate components of the studio are described in detail. The efficiency and flexibility of the room is demonstrated on the basis of the results that we obtain with a real-time 3D scene reconstruction system, a system for non-intrusive optical motion capture and a model-based free-viewpoint video system for human actors. ~ %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Zakaria, Nordin %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T FaceSketch: an interface for sketching and coloring cartoon faces : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-686B-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-4-009 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 30 p. %X We discuss FaceSketch, an interface for 2D facial human-like cartoon sketching. The basic paradigm in FaceSketch is to offer a 2D interaction style and feel while employing 3D techniques to facilitate various tasks involved in drawing and redrawing faces from different views. The system works by accepting freeform strokes denoting head, eyes, nose, and other facial features, constructing an internal 3D model that conforms to the input silhouettes, and redisplaying the result in simple sketchy style from any user-specified viewing direction. In a manner similar to conventional 2D drawing process, the displayed shape may be changed by oversketching silhouettes, and hatches and strokes may be added within its boundary. Implementation-wise, we demonstrate the feasibility of using simple point primitive as a fundamental 3D modeling primitive in a sketch-based system. We discuss relatively simple but robust and efficient point-based algorithms for shape inflation, modification and display in 3D view. We discuss the feasibility of our ideas using a number of example interactions and facial sketches. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Zayer, Rhaleb %A R&#246;ssl, Christian %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Convex boundary angle based flattening : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6AED-3 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2003-4-003 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2003 %P 16 p. %X Angle Based Flattening is a robust parameterization method that finds a quasi-conformal mapping by solving a non-linear optimization problem. We take advantage of a characterization of convex planar drawings of triconnected graphs to introduce new boundary constraints. This prevents boundary intersections and avoids post-processing of the parameterized mesh. We present a simple transformation to e ectively relax the constrained minimization problem, which improves the convergence of the optimization method. As a natural extension, we discuss the construction of Delaunay flat meshes. This may further enhance the quality of the resulting parameterization. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Beldiceanu, Nicolas %A Carlsson, Mats %A Thiel, Sven %+ External Organizations External Organizations Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Cost-filtering Algorithms for the two Sides of the Sum of Weights of Distinct Values Constraint : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-EBAD-A %Y Swedish Institute of Computer Science %C Uppsala, Sweden %D 2002 %X This article introduces the sum of weights of distinct values constraint, which can be seen as a generalization of the number of distinct values as well as of the alldifferent, and the relaxed alldifferent constraints. This constraint holds if a cost variable is equal to the sum of the weights associated to the distinct values taken by a given set of variables. For the first aspect, which is related to domination, we present four filtering algorithms. Two of them lead to perfect pruning when each domain variable consists of one set of consecutive values, while the two others take advantage of holes in the domains. For the second aspect, which is connected to maximum matching in a bipartite graph, we provide a complete filtering algorithm for the general case. Finally we introduce several generic deduction rules, which link both aspects of the constraint. These rules can be applied to other optimization constraints such as the minimum weight alldifferent constraint or the global cardinality constraint with costs. They also allow taking into account external constraints for getting enhanced bounds for the cost variable. In practice, the sum of weights of distinct values constraint occurs in assignment problems where using a resource once or several times costs the same. It also captures domination problems where one has to select a set of vertices in order to control every vertex of a graph. %B SICS Technical Report %@ false

%0 Report %A Drago, Frederic %A Martens, William %A Myszkowski, Karol %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society External Organizations Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Perceptual evaluation of tone mapping operators with regard to similarity and preference : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6C83-0 %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2002-4-002 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2002 %P 30 p. %X Seven tone mapping methods currently available to display high dynamic range images were submitted to perceptual evaluation in order to find the attributes most predictive of the success of a robust all-around tone mapping algorithm. The two most salient Stimulus Space dimensions underlying the perception of a set of images produced by six of the tone mappings were revealed using INdividual Differences SCALing (INDSCAL) analysis; and an ideal preference point within the INDSCAL-derived Stimulus Space was determined for a group of 11 observers using PREFerence MAPping (PREFMAP) analysis. Interpretation of the INDSCAL results was aided by pairwise comparisons of images that led to an ordering of the images according to which were more or less natural looking. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik

%0 Report %A Eigenwillig, Arno %A Sch&#246;mer, Elmar %A Wolpert, Nicola %+ Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Algorithms and Complexity, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Sweeping Arrangements of Cubic Segments Exactly and Efficiently : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-EB42-7 %Y Effective Computational Geometry for Curves and Surfaces %C Sophia Antipolis %D 2002 %X A method is presented to compute the planar arrangement induced by segments of algebraic curves of degree three (or less), using an improved Bentley-Ottmann sweep-line algorithm. Our method is exact (it provides the mathematically correct result), complete (it handles all possible geometric degeneracies), and efficient (the implementation can handle hundreds of segments). The range of possible input segments comprises conic arcs and cubic splines as special cases of particular practical importance.

%0 Report %A G&#246;sele, Michael %A Kautz, Jan %A Lang, Jochen %A Lensch, Hendrik P. A. %A Seidel, Hans-Peter %+ Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society Computer Graphics, MPI for Informatics, Max Planck Society %T Tutorial notes ACM SM 02: a framework for the acquisition, processing and interactive display of high quality 3D models : %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0014-6C86-A %U http://domino.mpi-inf.mpg.de/internet/reports.nsf/NumberView/2002-4-001 %Y Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik %C Saarbr&#252;cken %D 2002 %P 50 p. %X This tutorial highlights some recent results on the acquisition and interactive display of high quality 3D models. For further use in photorealistic rendering or interactive display, a high quality representation must capture two different things: the shape of the model represented as a geometric description of its surface and on the other hand the physical properties of the object. The physics of the material which an object is made of determine its appearance, e.g. the object's color, texture, deformation or reflection properties. The tutorial shows how computer vision and computer graphics techniques can be seamlessly integrated into a single framework for the acquisition, processing, and interactive display of high quality 3D models. %B Research Report / Max-Planck-Institut f&#252;r Informatik